1. In growing rats oestrogen, cortisone and thyroxine in high doses suppress bone formation, and this effect is probably part of a general suppression of body growth. 2. Growth hormone and thyroxine in small doses stimulate both body growth and bone formation. 3. Testosterone has no effect on bone formation. 4. Oestrogen and cortisone suppress bone resorption. The effect of cortisone may be modified in conditions of calcium depletion. 5. Thyroxine appears on the other hand to increase bone resorption. 6. Testosterone has no effect on bone resorption.
The observation of Milch and his associates in 1957 that tetracycline becomes localised in areas of new bone formation has been confirmed on many occasions
SYNOPSIS Three patients were found at necropsy to have Zahn's 'infarcts' of the liver. In one of these cases the 'infarct' merely showed severe centrilobular congestion. In the other two cases there was centrilobular necrosis, and in one of these early fibrosis was seen. Portal vein occlusion was present in all three cases and this had followed splenectomy in two of them. Necropsy was performed six hours after death. There was an early mediastinitis and bronchopneumonic consolidation of the right lower lobe. Other significant findings were confined to the liver and portal venous system. Externally the liver was generally pale but showed several large, dark red, sharply defined areas. On section these had the typical 'nutmeg' appearance normally associated with chronic venous congestion. In such areas, many large intrahepatic branches of the portal vein were occluded by thrombus. The splenic vein was also filled by thrombus which extended from the ligated splenic pedicle to the origin of the portal vein. No obstruction of the extrahepatic part of the portal vein was present and there was no abnormality of the hepatic artery or veins.Microscopy ofliver The pale areas in the liver showed considerable fatty change. In the dark red areas there was Received for publication 22 March 1966 generalized congestion of the sinusoids, most prominent in the centrilobular zones (Fig. 1). Liver parenchymal cells in the congested areas were shrunken and contained small amounts of lipofuscin pigment (Fig. 2). Several branches of the portal vein were occluded by organizing thrombus. The portal tracts were otherwise normal.CASE 2 A 70-year-old woman was seen during the following month complaining of constant epigastric pain of three weeks' duration. She was found to have an epigastric mass and a barium meal demonstrated a gastric carcinoma. A total gastric resection with oesophago-jejunostomy and splenectomy was carried out. Progress thereafter was at first good but 18 hours before death she became hypotensive and had signs suggesting peritonitis. She died on the sixth post-operative day.At necropsy 36 hours after death localized peritonitis due to failure of the anastomosis was present. There was haemorrhage into the left adrenal gland. The remaining abnormalities were limited to the liver and portal venous system. The liver showed lesions similar to those described in case 1, but on section there was also thrombus in the larger branches of the portal vein supplying these areas. The splenic vein was filled by thrombus to its junction with the superior mesenteric vein. No lesions were found in the hepatic artery or veins.
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