The affinity of zeolite nanoparticles (diameter of 8–12 nm) possessing high surface area and high pore volume towards human plasma proteins has been investigated. The protein composition (corona) of zeolite nanoparticles has been shown to be more dependent on the plasma protein concentrations and the type of zeolites than zeolite nanoparticles concentration. The number of proteins present in the corona of zeolite nanoparticles at 100% plasma (in vivo state) is less than with 10% plasma exposure. This could be due to a competition between the proteins to occupy the corona of the zeolite nanoparticles. Moreover, a high selective adsorption for apolipoprotein C-III (APOC-III) and fibrinogen on the zeolite nanoparticles at high plasma concentration (100%) was observed. While the zeolite nanoparticles exposed to low plasma concentration (10%) exhibited a high selective adsorption for immunoglobulin gamma (i.e. IGHG1, IGHG2 and IGHG4) proteins. The zeolite nanoparticles can potentially be used for selectively capture of APOC-III in order to reduce the activation of lipoprotein lipase inhibition during hypertriglyceridemia treatment. The zeolite nanoparticles can be adapted to hemophilic patients (hemophilia A (F-VIII deficient) and hemophilia B (F-IX deficient)) with a risk of bleeding, and thus might be potentially used in combination with the existing therapy.
The optical properties of photopolymer layers consisting of an acrylamide-based matrix and microporous aluminophosphate nanocrystals of AEI-type are investigated. The compatibility of the photopolymer doped with the nanoparticles is studied. The surface and volume properties of the layers with different levels of doping with microporous nanocrystals are characterized. The effective refractive indices and absorption coefficients of the doped photopolymer layers are determined and used to calculate the refractive index and porosity of pure AEI nanoparticles used as dopants. Volume transmission gratings were recorded in the doped photopolymer layers at different spatial frequencies.By spatial monitoring of the characteristic Raman peak of the AEI particles across the grating vector, the optimal concentrations of the nanocrystals for obtaining highest light induced redistribution of nanocrystals are determined. The optical properties of the photopolymer layers combined with the redistribution of the AEI nanoparticles during holographic recording are the parameters exploited for fabrication of optical sensors. An irreversible humidity sensor based on a transmission holographic grating is designed and fabricated. The diffraction efficiency of the sensor changes permanently after exposure to high humidity.
The toxicity of two types of ultra-small zeolites (8-18 nm) with LTL-and EMT-type structures is reported.Both the LTL-and EMT-type zeolites belong to the same group of molecular sieves; they have large pores (7.1-7.5 Å) and low silica content (Si/Al = 1.2-2.3). The zeolites are prepared by an environmentally friendly synthetic approach from precursor suspensions without using any organic template. Cellular interactions with the two types of zeolite nanocrystals are evaluated by cell viability, reactive oxygen species and cell life cycle assays. It is found that various concentrations of zeolites have negligible effects on the cell life cycle. Moreover, the LTL-and EMT-types zeolites did not cause extensive oxidative stress on the cells. Although it is seen that the zeolites extensively entered in the cells, there is no sign of toxicity for all employed concentrations of ultra-small EMT and LTL zeolites. Additionally, no abnormality in DNA replication while exposed to the zeolites is observed. Very importantly, the zeolite corona shows a high affinity for fibrinogen, moderate affinity for apoA-II and complement factor 3, and trace affinity for albumin, which is the most abundant protein of human plasma. Thus the zeolite nanoparticles can be considered as very promising material for purification of fibrinogen and lipoproteins. Since fibrinogen is considered as acute phase protein and found to be the most associated biomolecule in the composition of corona at the surface of zeolites, we propose that these nanoparticles can be potentially pro-inflammatory for in vivo applications. † Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See
A series of Ag nanoparticles impregnated on zeolite X (Ag-ZX) containing various amounts of Ag (in wt%) were prepared via impregnation method. The pristine zeolite X and Ag-ZX catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), N 2 adsorption desorption analyses and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The prepared catalysts were employed for the decolourization of methyl orange (MO) in the presence of potassium borohydride (KBH 4). Various parameters such as the amount of Ag impregnated, MO concentration, KBH 4 : MO mole ratios, pH and catalyst reusability were investigated. It was found that the best decolourization efficiency was obtained when 0.06 g of Ag-ZX (6.7) catalyst was employed using a KBH 4 : MO mole ratio of 731: 1 at pH 5. The degradation process obeyed pseudo first-order kinetics.
The desalination performance of a thin film composite (TFC) membrane hinges highly on the surface characteristics of support membrane. In this study, good wettability, regular pore size, and moderate roughness were identified as the critical surface properties of support membrane in forming a defect-free, uniform, and structurally stable polyamide film. These features were tailored by adjusting the thermodynamics and kinetics properties of the polymer solution via polysulfone (PSf)/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) ratio as well as using N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) and N,N-dimethylformamide as co-solvent. It was found that the membrane formation was controlled kinetically by altering the PSf/PVP ratio but thermodynamically by using co-solvent. The TFC membrane with better desalination performance was achieved with the support membrane prepared at PSf/PVP ratio of 0.941 without any co-solvent. The resulting TFC membrane attained the highest permeability ratio of 0.691 bar 21 for water/NaCl filtration in this study.
The recent emergence of stable, handheld ultrafast (~100 fs) laser sources has opened practical access to fundamentally new classes of nonlinear light-matter interactions for characterization crystallization phenomena. In this work, second order non-linear optical imaging of chiral crystals (SONICC) is investigated as a rapid (up to video rate), selective, and ultra-sensitive all-optical method for high-throughputs studies of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) crystallization phenomena. SONICC relies on second harmonic generation (SHG), or the frequency doubling of light, which is forbidden in unordered media and most achiral salts, but allowed for the overwhelming majority of chiral crystals. This high specificity to chiral crystals combined with an insensitivity to optical scattering and an enormous (~8 decade) dynamic range of linear quantification open new opportunities for high-throughput screenings.Three proof-of-concept applications of SONICC will be demonstrated for characterization of API formulations; i) polymorph screening from the polarization-dependence of the SHG response, which provides up to 18 unique observables specific to a particular crystal compared to 3 for linear optics, ii) crystallization screening with reliable quantification of trace API crystallinity with sub-parts per million to parts per billion detection limits in powdered APIs and in amorphous polymer formulations (i.e.,4-7 orders of magnitude improvement over most current routine methods for powder analysis), and iii) direct determination of nucleation kinetics within powders and turbid matrices without significant loss of image quality from optical scattering (since only the unscattered incident light contributes to the detected signal). Quantitation and polarization analysis can be performed rapidly with high signal to noise on single crystals less than ~1 µm 3 in size, opening opportunities for performing screenings of hundreds or thousands of conditions with just a few milligrams of purified API when coupled to emerging ultrahigh-throughput microfluidic screening platforms. Furthermore, SONICC is directly compatible with most existing high-throughput screening plates that allow conventional optical imaging without modification. The absence of a background response from disordered media allows the development of simple image analysis algorithms for automated quantification of nucleation rates, crystal growth rates, and activation energies for nucleation.An overview of the methods and analysis will be presented, along with and a critical discussion of the strengths and limitations of SONICC for practical high-throughput screening and a summary of some of the challenges associated with the measurements. In addition, a description will be provided of the basic instrumentation required for SONICC, which is anticipated to be commercially available in the near future through partnership with Formulatrix.This presentation will cover the challenges in the preparation of discrete zeo-type molecular sieves with emphasis on their comp...
Zeolite Cs-ABW nanocatalyst has been hydrothermally synthesized without using any harmful organic template. The zeolite nanocrystal with very high solid yield (81.88%) can be obtained within 60 min and at 180°C (~20 atm), conditions that are much faster and gentler than the existing synthesis methods. The orthorhombic Cs-ABW nanocrystals (mean size of 32 nm) have high aluminum content (Si/Al ratio = 1.14) and possess high basicity.The nanocrystals also exhibit better catalytic activity than conventional homogeneous catalysts in the Henry (nitroaldol) reaction of benzaldehyde with nitroethane under microwave heating conditions. The nanocatalyst does not suffer from coking and leaching problems. It can be reused without loss of reactivity even after five consecutive runs under the described reaction conditions.
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