Radiation doses for interventional examinations are generally high and therefore necessitate dose monitoring for patients and staff. Relating the staff dose to a patient dose index, such as dose-area product (DAP), could be quite useful for dose comparisons. In this study, DAP and skin doses of 57 patients, who underwent neurointerventional examinations, were measured simultaneously with staff doses. Although skin doses were comparable with the literature data, higher DAP values of 215 and 188.6 Gy cm2 were measured for the therapeutical cerebral and carotid examinations, respectively, owing to the use of biplane system and complexity of the procedure. Mean staff doses for eye, finger and thyroid were measured as 80.6, 77.6 and 28.8 microGy per procedure. The mean effective dose per procedure for the radiologists was 32 microSv. In order to allow better comparisons to be made, DAP normalised doses were also presented.

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Stereotactic body radiation therapy offers a safe and efficacious management strategy for adrenal metastases from non-small cell lung cancer by providing excellent local control with negligible treatment related toxicity.

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is associated with diabetes mellitus (DM). Pomegranate juice (PJ) is a potent antioxidant in diabetes induced oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the administration of PJ ameliorates ED in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rat model. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups (n=10-12, each): (1) Control, (2) STZ (25-35 mg kg, intravenously, 10 weeks) induced DM, and (3) PJ (100 mg kg day, 10 weeks) treated DM rats. The in vivo erectile [a ratio of intracavernosal pressure (ICP)/mean arterial pressure (MAP)] and ex vivo corpus cavernosum (CC) responses were evaluated. Immunohistochemistry and Masson's trichrome staining were performed. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured. The ICP/MAP value in diabetic rats was lower than controls, which was partially improved by PJ treatment. Electrical field stimulation (EFS)-induced relaxant responses in CC from the diabetic group were significantly decreased that were ameliorated by treatment. Phenylephrine- and EFS-induced contractions were not altered in diabetic rats. PJ treatment normalized raised MDA levels of diabetic CC samples. Although the intensities of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and neuronal NOS enzymes were decreased, inducible NOS protein levels were stronger in diabetic slides than controls. This is the first study to show that PJ treatment ameliorates partially ED and completely oxidative stress and fibrosis in a diabetic rat model. Our results highlight the success of antioxidant mechanism of PJ in ED with diabetes and open the way for future understanding in alternative treatment combinations with PDE5 inhibitors.

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The accuracy of two on line dosimetric techniques was investigated for the estimation of cardiologist doses. The first technique involves the establishment of a database relating the cardiologist extremity doses to patient DAP values. Doses of nine cardiologists were measured together with patient doses during the interventional cardiac examinations of 166 patients for this purpose. Data were collected from five cardiology departments. The mean of the eye, thyroid, waist, right-left wrist, and right-left leg doses per procedure were measured as 72.4 (31.6-107.1), 68.5 (13.3-174.6), 11.2 (0.9-28.4), 67.8 (21.9-120.3) to 216 (52.7-425.4), and 137 (51.4-386.2) to 384 (135-1168.3) microGy/procedure. The effective doses were calculated according to the use of protection tools and a mean value of 12.14 (1.2-30.2) microSv/procedure was found. The ratios of staff dose to patient DAP were found to be within the range of 0.14-3.75 for each procedure. In the second method, cardiologist doses were calculated and compared with the measured values. Scatter doses were measured at the positions of cardiologists from Rando phantom exposures using similar conditions with patient procedures for this purpose. The parameters obtained from these exposures and patient examinations were used to calculate the doses to cardiologists.

Purpose: The aim of this work is to suggest a simple method for the estimation of cardiologist extremity doses. Method and Materials: The extremity and effective doses of nine cardiologists working at five different angiographic units were measured for 157 interventional examinations. Simultaneous measurement of patient doses were also carried out using a DAP meter separately for each projection. Fluoroscopy time (Tfl), number of radiographic frames (Nrf) were recorded on‐line during these measurements. A Rando phantom was exposed at similar projections with patient studies and one minute of fluoroscopic exposure (DFLx,n) and one frame of radiographic exposure (DRNx,n) were determined for each projection. Scatter radiations from these exposures were also measured at 50, 100 and 150 cm above the floor level at the cardiologist positions for the estimation of legs, wrists and thyroid (or eye) doses. Weighting of projections were determined for the patient group of each cardiologist using the recorded values of Tfl and Nrf Extremity doses, Dx were calculated from the following formula: urn:x-wiley:0094-2405:media:mp1615:mp1615-math-0001 n gives the projection number and x is the distance from the floor level. Results: Measured and calculated extremity doses for each cardiologist were in good agreement (R= 0.75 for thyroid). The calculated doses for 50cm and 100cm were found within the measured values of left and right legs and wrists. The use of dominant projection data alone still provided comparable results. Conclusion: If there is a lock of personal dosimetry for cardiologists, it could be possible to make an estimation of extremity doses from the of total fluoroscopy time and frame numbers used in the examinations together with the knowledge of scatter radiations at cardiologist positions.

The current study document is an unusual case of submandibular metastasis as the first sign of adenocarcinoma of the lung. We report a 57-year-old male chronic smoker presented with a tumefaction in the submandibular gland. The patient had a complete excision. At the histological examination, the diagnosis of an undifferentiated carcinoma of the submandibular gland was retained. A systemic work-up was performed, which unexpectedly detected a tumor in the right lung and was confirmed by histopathological examination. Despite their rarity, submandibular lesions should be considered as possible manifestations of underlying malignancies.