No abstract

Background Staphylococcus aureus has prevailed against the majority of antibiotics currently in clinical use, making it a significant global public health problem. As a safer alternative, bioactive compounds have been explored. Annona muricata has been shown to possess antimicrobial activity. However, there are few reports on the molecular activity of A. muricata bioactive compounds against S. aureus. Thus, this study was aimed at evaluating the antimicrobial activity of its crude extract as well as investigating the potential of its bioactive compounds against the Cap5O capsular polysaccharides (CPS) of S. aureus via molecular docking. Methods Collection of plant leaves, preparation of extracts, anti-nutrient analysis, phytochemical screening via crude method and gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometer (GC-MS), isolation and characterization of S. aureus and the antimicrobial activity test were all done using standard protocols. Molecular docking was done using the MCULE online tool with emphasis on docking scores, toxicity, and other properties. Results Crude screening of the extracts showed the presence of polyphenols, hydroxyanthraquinones, reducing compounds, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, alkaloids, anthraquinones, phlobatannins and tannins in different concentrations. Anti-nutrient analysis showed the presence of allowable levels of evaluated anti-nutrients. GC-MS revealed a total of twenty-nine (29) bioactive compounds, out of which only 4 (13.80%) docked without toxicity and these were bicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-2-one 6-methyl, trichloromethane, carbonic acid 2-dimethylaminoethyl propyl ester, and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-5-thioxo-1,2,4-triazolidin-3-one on either the NAD-binding or C-terminal substrate binding domain of Cap5O. Conclusion Results obtained show that Cap5O could be a potential drug target for multi-drug resistant S. aureus, however, further studies aimed at evaluating these bioactive compounds individually and in combination are highly needed.

No abstract

No abstract

Background One of the main challenges of wound healing is infection with multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus. The spectrum of antibiotics used to treat them is declining; thus, there is a need for alternatives. Our study was designed to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of honey, its pharmacokinetics (ADMET) properties and in-silico analysis of its bioactive compounds against dihydropteroate synthase of S. aureus using trimethoprim as control. Methods Standard protocols were employed in collection and preparation of samples, generation of canonical strings, and conduction of microbiological analyses. Bioactive compounds’ ADMET properties were evaluated using the SWISSADME and the MCULE toxicity checker tools. The MCULE one-click docking tool was used in carrying out the dockings. Results The gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry revealed twenty (20) bioactive compounds and was dominated by sugars (> 60%). We isolated a total of 47 S. aureus isolates from the wound samples. At lower concentrations, resistance to trimethoprim (95.74 to 100.00%) was higher than honey (70.21 to 96.36%). Only seven (7) isolates meet Lipinski’s rule of five and ADMET properties. The docking scores of the bioactive compounds ranged from -3.3 to -4.6 while that of trimethoprim was -6.1, indicating better binding or interaction with the dihydropteroate synthase. The bioactive compounds were not substrates to P450 cytochrome enzymes (CYP1A2, CYP2CI9 and CYP2D6) and p-glycoprotein, indicating better gastrointestinal tract (GIT) absorption. Conclusion The favourable docking properties shown by the bioactive compounds suggest they could be lead compounds for newer antimetabolites for management of MDR S. aureus.

No abstract

Citrus paradis like most other plants has been shown to contain a number of secondary metabolites with enormous potentials. However, tonnes of the peels are discarded each year. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the peels powder for phytochemicals, nutrients, anti-nutrients, antimicrobial and anti-termite activity. Phytochemical analysis from ethanolic and aqueous extracts, nutrients, anti-nutrients, elemental, vitamins, anti-termite and antimicrobial activity were analysed using standard techniques. Results of the phytochemical screening and quantification showed the presence of reducing compounds (18.40%), polyphenols (5.76%), alkaloids (2.42%), glycosides (2.54%), saponins (1.50%), tannins (0.34%) and flavonoids (8.70%). The anti-nutrients (mg/100 g) present were total oxalate (42.75) hydrocyanic acid (3.93), soluble oxalate (24.20) and phytate Original Research Article(0.40). Elemental analysis (mg/100 g) showed the presence of Na(6.45), K(264.20), Ca(78.40), Mg(118.30), Fe(10.90), Zn(3.30), Cu(2.60) and P(172.51). Furthermore, Vitamin A, B, C and E were also found in the peels with vitamin C(3.24 mg%) and E (3.43 mg%) being the most abundant. Proximate composition showed the presence of moisture (11.86%), ash (3.97%), protein (10.71%), fat (6.64), fibre (7.55%) and carbohydrate (71.86%). The peels powder also showed anti-termite activity with complete mortality after 4 hours of exposure. However, an equal combination of the peels and the permethrin based insecticide was the fastest in killing the termites. The isolates obtained were Esherichia coli, Proteus, Pseudomonas and Staphylococci species. Antimicrobial sensitivity testing showed zones of inhibition of 10 mm to 20 mm on all the isolates. Given antimicrobial and anti-termite potentials, there is a need for more studies that will elucidate the exact nature of these bioactive components.

No abstract