A Review of Nosocomial Infections in Sub-Saharan Africa

Mbim, E; Mboto, C. I.; Agbo, Bassey E.

doi:10.9734/bmrj/2016/25895

Cited by 32 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…[27] However, it was disappointing to witness low hand hygiene adherence rates in some general wards, yet they were reported to have higher HCAI prevalence. [3,5]…”

Section: Hand Hygiene Adherence By Socio-demographic Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1] Though it is estimated that 1.4 million people globally are affected by preventable HCAI, [2] the prevalence ranges from 3.5% to 12% of hospitalised patients in developed countries and 5.7% to 19.1% in developing countries. [3] In 2011, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported that at any given time 7% of patients in high-income, and 10% in low-income countries, will develop at least one HCAI. [4] A review of nosocomial infections in some African countries such as Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Mali, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, and Senegal revealed a prevalence rate between 1.6%-28.7%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[4] A review of nosocomial infections in some African countries such as Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Mali, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, and Senegal revealed a prevalence rate between 1.6%-28.7%. [3] In Rwanda, a study conducted in 2016 at University Teaching Hospital of Kigali (UTHK) revealed an overall HCAI prevalence rate of 15.1% with the highest rate in intensive care unit (ICU) (50.0%), and the lowest rate in General surgery unit (12.1%). [5] Other significant burdens related to HCAIs include antibiotic resistance in 50% or more of surgical site infections and severe economic cost to healthcare systems and society.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of nurses’ perceptions and adherence to five moments of hand hygiene in selected units at a University Teaching Hospital in Rwanda

Maniriho¹,

Rajeswaran²,

Collins³

et al. 2019

Rwanda Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences

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BackgroundAbout 1.4 million people worldwide are affected by hand hygiene-associated infections from healthcare providers, and altered perceptions might be the contributory factor. Objective To assess nurses' perceptions and adherence to the "five moments of hand hygiene" in selected units at a University Teaching Hospital in Rwanda. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional design was used. A sample size of 84 nurses was selected using convenience sampling. The perceptions survey questionnaire and the observation checklist was used to collect data. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. ResultsSixty-nine (82.1%) had a positive perception of susceptibility and severity, and 75 (89.2%) had a positive perception of the benefits of hand hygiene. All 84 (100%) and 67 (79.8%) had a negative perception of perceived barriers and action (cues) to hand hygiene; respectively. Highest adherence rate (82.1%) was after body fluid exposure risk, lowest before touching a patient (27.4%), with an average adherence rate of 53.6% to the "five moments." Qualification was associated with nurses' perceptions (p =.002) and department of work with adherence to hand hygiene (p =.001). ConclusionThe overall perceptions of nurses were negative with inadequate adherence to hand hygiene practices. Therefore, this necessitates new strategies and reinforcement of hand hygiene among the nurses.Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2019;2(2):160-171. _______________________________________________________________________

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“…[27] However, it was disappointing to witness low hand hygiene adherence rates in some general wards, yet they were reported to have higher HCAI prevalence. [3,5]…”

Section: Hand Hygiene Adherence By Socio-demographic Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of nurses’ perceptions and adherence to five moments of hand hygiene in selected units at a University Teaching Hospital in Rwanda

Maniriho¹,

Rajeswaran²,

Collins³

et al. 2019

Rwanda Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…1,6 Prevalence of HCAIs in developing countries ranges from17% to 19% 5 while in Africa it is reported to range from 3% to 15%. 7,8 The prevalence in Sub Saharan Africa ranges from 2% to 29%, 9 whereas in Tanzania, reports show a prevalence of 15%. 10 The most frequent maternal HCAIs are urinary tract infection, endometritis, chorio-amnionitis and infection due to operative and vaginal birth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,5,12 Microorganisms responsible for HCAIs can be viruses, fungi, parasites and bacteria such as Staphylococci, Klebsiela, Candida albicans and E. coli which can be present at the patient's skin, transmitted from another patient or from the surrounding environment or health-care worker. 9 Published reports suggest that some HCAIs can be prevented, depending on the setting, baseline infection rates, and type of infection. 13 Health-care workers' hands are an important vehicle for transmission of micro-organism between patients and from hospital surroundings to patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Criterion-Based Audit of Hand Hygiene Performance During Caesarean Section at a Referral Hospital in Northern Tanzania: An Uncontrolled Interventional Study

Sengoka¹,

Rasmussen²,

Msuya³

et al. 2019

EAHRJ

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Background: Health-care-associated infection (HCAI) is a big challenge in both low-and high-income countries. Around childbirth, infection is among the main causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Appropriate hand hygiene practice is a simple and cost-effective way of reducing HCAIs. This study aimed to assess the baseline performance and knowledge of proper hand hygiene during caesarean sections and the impact of interventions guided by a criterion-based audit at a tertiary health facility in Tanzania. Methods: A noncontrolled, before-and-after intervention study, guided by a criterion-based audit, was carried out. A criterion based checklist was used for direct observations of hand hygiene performance during cesarean section. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess knowledge on infection prevention. Performance was compared before and after a half-way intervention. Results: At baseline, low-quality hand hygiene performance was observed. Significant improvements of hand hygiene performance were observed for a number of criteria. Long nails: performance reduction from 15 (25%) to 3 (5%) (P=.04), polished nails: from 11 (18%) to 1 (2%) (P=.04), a score increase in hand wash with water from 43.8 (73%) to 60 (100%) (P=.001). Postoperatively, correct glove removal increased from 20 (33%) to 37.8 (66%) (P=.01). Alcohol-based hand rub use increased from 2 (3%) to 21 (35%) (P=.001). The number of health-care workers who did not wash hands after procedure with either water or alcohol-based hand rub reduced from 35 (58%) to 10 (17%) (P=.001). After the intervention, poor knowledge among health-care workers reduced from 7 (39%) to 3 (17%), while moderate knowledge increased from 8 (44%) to 12 (67%). Conclusion: Feedback, discussion of findings, training, visual reminders, and distribution of alcohol-based hand rub, as part of a criterion-based audit is a powerful way of improving hand hygiene performance and knowledge in surgical wards.

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Analyses Approaches for Bacteria

Ribeiro

Faria

2017

Exposure to Microbiological Agents in Indoor and Occupational Environments

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A Review of Nosocomial Infections in Sub-Saharan Africa

Cited by 32 publications

References 0 publications

Assessment of nurses’ perceptions and adherence to five moments of hand hygiene in selected units at a University Teaching Hospital in Rwanda

Assessment of nurses’ perceptions and adherence to five moments of hand hygiene in selected units at a University Teaching Hospital in Rwanda

Criterion-Based Audit of Hand Hygiene Performance During Caesarean Section at a Referral Hospital in Northern Tanzania: An Uncontrolled Interventional Study

Analyses Approaches for Bacteria

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