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Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar genótipos de mamoeiro quanto às suas características físicas e físico-químicas, para identificar os mais promissores como novas cultivares comerciais. Foram realizadas análises de comprimento, diâmetro, diâmetro da cavidade interna, massa do fruto, espessura da polpa, firmeza do fruto com casca, firmeza da polpa, cor da polpa, acidez titulável, sólidos solúveis, pH, carotenoides totais e vitamina C em 22 genótipos. Observou-se variação significativa entre os genótipos para as características comprimento e massa dos frutos. Em relação à firmeza dos frutos com casca, 12 genótipos apresentaram firmeza superior à das cultivares comerciais Tainung N o 1 e Sunrise Solo. A análise de correlação indicou que frutos com maior comprimento, diâmetro e diâmetro da cavidade interna tendem a apresentar maior peso e espessura de polpa, enquanto frutos com maiores teores de sólidos solúveis tendem a apresentar maior razão sólidos solúveis/acidez titulável, vitamina C e carotenoides totais. A linhagem L72, do grupo Solo, e o híbrido H36.45, do grupo Formosa, apresentam frutos com características físicas e físico-químicas semelhantes ou superiores às das cultivares comerciais Sunrise Solo e Tainung N o 1, respectivamente, e, portanto, são promissoras para o mercado.Termos para indexação: Carica papaya, carotenoides, desenvolvimento de cultivares, melhoramento genético, vitamina C. Physicochemical characterization of new hybrids and inbred lines of papayaAbstract -The objective of this work was to evaluate papaya genotypes as to their physical and physicochemical characteristics, in order to identify the most promising ones as new commercial cultivars. Analyses of length, diameter, internal cavity diameter, mass, pulp thickness, firmness of fruit with peel, pulp firmness, pulp color, titratable acidity, soluble solids, pH, total carotenoids, and vitamin C were performed in 22 genotypes. A significant variation among genotypes was observed for the characteristics fruit length and mass. Regarding firmness of fruits with peel, 12 genotypes showed higher firmness than the Tainung N o 1 and Sunrise Solo cultivars. Correlation analysis showed that fruits with greater length, diameter, and internal cavity diameter tend to have greater weight and pulp thickness, whereas fruits with higher soluble solids tend to have higher soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio, vitamin C, and total carotenoids. The L72 inbred line of the Solo group and the H36.45 hybrid of the Formosa group present fruit with physical and physicochemical characteristics similar or superior to those of the Sunrise Solo and Tainung N o 1 commercial cultivars, respectively, and, therefore, are promising to the market.

Foram elaboradas quatro formulações de geleia com as seguintes proporções de mamão (Carica papaya) (M) e araçá-boi (Eugenia stipitata) (AB): F1 (70% M: 30% AB), F2 (60% M: 40% AB), F3 (40%M : 60% AB) e F4 (30% M : 70% AB). Todas as formulações apresentaram proporção final de polpa e açúcar de 1:1, com 0,5% de pectina e teor de 65% de sólidos solúveis. As geleias foram analisadas quanto às características físico-químicas e sensoriais (teste de aceitação e preferência). O teste de aceitação foi realizado por 50 consumidores, por meio de escala hedônica de 7 pontos, avaliando-se os atributos: aparência, cor, aroma, sabor e textura. A acidez titulável variou entre 0,77 e 1,72 g de ácido cítrico100 g-1, estando dentro da faixa de acidez determinada para diferentes geleias de frutas. O teor de açúcares redutores foi mais elevado na formulação F4. As formulações apresentaram índice de aceitação acima de 90% para os atributos aparência, cor, aroma e textura. As formulações F1 e F2, com menores concentrações de araçá-boi, apresentaram maior aceitação para os atributos sensoriais cor e sabor. Entretanto, a formulação F1 apresentou elevada intenção de compra e foi considerada pelo mapa de preferência interno a mais aceita para todos os atributos avaliados, sendo, portanto, a mais adequada para a industrialização e consumo.

The objective of this work was to characterize banana and plantain genotypes and to identify the most promising for flour production. Sixteen plantain genotypes and four banana cultivars were evaluated for dry matter content and flour yield. The obtained flours were characterized by color (L*, C*, and h*) and by moisture, total and resistant starch, ash, protein, lipid, and fiber contents. A low genetic variability was observed among plantains for the evaluated physicochemical and nutritional characteristics. The Chifre de Vaca, Comprida, Terra Ponta Aparada, Trois Vert, Terrinha, and Terra Maranhão plantains showed the highest dry matter contents and flour yield. The Chifre de Vaca, Comprida, Curare Enano, Mongolo, Trois Vert, and Terra Maranhão plantains and the 'Pacovan', 'Prata Anã', 'BRS Platina', and 'BRS SCS Belluna' bananas had resistant starch levels above 60%. The flour from 'BRS SCS Belluna' presented the highest contents of ash, protein, and fiber, as well as the lowest caloric value. Considering dry matter content, flour yields, and resistant starch, the Chifre de Vaca, Comprida, Trois Vert, and Terra Maranhão plantains are the best options to produce flour. From a nutritional point of view, 'BRS SCS Belluna' is a good option for producing flour rich in resistant starch, mineral, protein, and fiber contents.

Cinco genótipos de abacaxi (Gold, Pérola, Smooth Cayenne, BRS Vitória, BRS Imperial) e quatro novos híbridos (SC x PRI-21, SC48 x PRI-02, PE x SC-73 e PA x PE-01) foram avaliados quanto às suas características físico-químicas. A cultivar 'Gold' apresentou os maiores teores de carotenoides totais (7,82µg g-1) e vitamina C (51,0mg 100g-1), enquanto que a cultivar 'BRS' Imperial destacou-se pelos elevados teores de açúcares redutores (5,12%), açúcares totais (15,23%), sólidos solúveis (18,41°Brix), pH (3,96) e ratio (35,28). Os híbridos SC 48 x PRI-02, PE x SC-73 e PA x PE-01 apresentaram teores de sólidos solúveis, açúcares totais e redutores superiores aos das cultivares Smooth Cayenne, Pérola e BRS Vitória, destacando-se o híbrido PE x SC-73 por apresentar polpa amarela mais intensa, doçura elevada, elevado teor de carotenoides totais e vitamina C, sendo, portanto, um híbrido promissor para substituição de cultivares comerciais.

The objective of this research was to evaluate the nutritional composition and bioactive compounds of whole umbu fruit, including pulp, seed and peel, and also of a commercial umbu pulp. Samples of the fractions and of commercial pulp were analyzed for determination of minerals and proximate composition, total phenolic and antioxidant activity. Pulps and peel were also analyzed for vitamin C and carotenoids contents. Commercial pulp presented better nutritional composition than fresh pulp (P<0.05) and the peel presented higher phenolic content and antioxidant activity than seed. Peel also stood out by its vitamin C (79 mg.100 g-1) and total carotenoids (2,751 µg.100 g-1) contents, showing that, as the main barrier of the fruit for its protection, it is a fraction rich in bioactive compounds. The highest dietary fiber and iron contents were observed in umbu seed (P<0.05). Therefore, umbu by-products may be ingredients proper for development of food richer in nutrients and bioactive compounds.

The umbucajazeira is specie native to the Brazilian Northeast semiarid areas, which is economically explored based on the fruit. The fruit has a high agroindustrial potential, mainly for jam production. The aim of this study was to evaluate through sensorial analysis, two formulations of umbu-caja jams: a dietetic one with xylitol, used as an option for substitution of the sugars, and a conventional one. The proportion of 50:50:0.5 (pulp/sugar/pectin or pulp/xylitol/pectin) was used for jam processing. The mixture was concentrated up to reach 65˚ Brix. The jams were evaluated by 50 non-trained tasters, through a hedonic scale of nine points, whereas the following attributes were used: appearance, color, flavor, aroma and texture. The results of the physical and physicochemical analysis showed that the characteristics of jams prepared with sucrose are close to the ones made with xylitol, except for the total sugars and the energetic value. The jams had pH values ranging between 2.37 and 2.92; titratable acidity varying between 0.56 and 0.78 g citric acid/100 g pulp; soluble solids ranging between 60.92˚ and 65.08˚ Brix, respectively. A tendency for yellow color was noticed by the color analysis. Jam diet had the highest scores for appearance (7.4-7.7). No significant differences (p > 0.05) were obtained to flavor and texture. The fruit of the umbucajazeira showed to be adequate for jam manufature since they had good sensorial acceptance. The use of xylitol was satisfactory for obtaining a product with jam characteristics similar to the conventional jam, but with lower energetic value.

xilitol), a partir dos genótipos Suprema e Preciosa. as formulações foram elaboradas com a proporção 1:1, de polpa mais açúcar ou polpa mais xilitol, com 0,5% de pectina e teor final de sólidos solúveis entre 62 e 65 °Brix. as geleias foram analisadas em relação às suas características físico-químicas (ph, acidez titulável, sólidos solúveis, açúcares totais, umidade e cor instrumental) e sensoriais (teste de aceitação, preferência e intenção de compra). o teste de aceitação foi realizado por 73 consumidores, por meio de escala hedônica de 9 pontos, avaliando-se os atributos cor, aroma, sabor e textura. as geleias elaboradas com sacarose apresentaram características físico-químicas semelhantes às geleias dietéticas, exceto os teores de açúcares totais que foram inferiores no produto dietético. a geleia convencional, elaborada com o genótipo Suprema, foi preferida para os atributos aroma, sabor e textura, enquanto a geleia convencional, elaborada com o genótipo Preciosa, foi preferida para os atributos cor, aroma e textura. as geleias dietéticas, elaboradas com os dois genótipos, foram as menos preferidas, mas apresentaram índices de aceitação acima de 60%, o que demonstra o potencial dessas geleias para atender públicos específicos. Termos para indexação: Spondias sp., xilitol, teste de aceitação, mapa de preferência. DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF DIETETIC AND CONVENTIONAL JAM OF UMBU-CAJA (SPONDIAS SP.)ABSTRACT -the aim of this study was to develop and evaluate conventional (with sucrose) and dietetics (with xylitol) jam of umbu-caja, from the varieties Suprema and Preciosa. the formulations were prepared with pulp more sugar (1:1) or xylitol more pulp (1:1), both with 0.5% pectin. The final content of soluble solids ranged from 62-65 °Brix. the jams were analyzed in relation to physico-chemical (ph, titratable acidity, soluble solids, total sugars, moisture, and instrumental color) and sensorial characteristics (acceptability test and purchase intention). acceptability test was performed by 73 consumers using a 9-point hedonic scale, evaluating the attributes: appearance, color, aroma, flavor and texture. Jams prepared with sucrose showed physicochemical characteristics similar to dietary jams, except the levels of total sugars which were lower in the dietetic product. The jam made with conventional genotype Supreme was preferred for flavor, taste and texture, while the conventional jam prepared with genotype Preciosa was preferred for the attributes color, aroma and texture. the dietary jellies prepared with the two genotypes were less preferred, but had acceptance rates above 60%, which demonstrates the potential of these jams to meet specific audiences.