A few decades ago, colorectal cancer (CRC) was diagnosed much less frequently. It is currently the fourth and in some countries the third most lethal cancer in the world, with about one million deaths each year. Most colon tumors develop as a result of a multistep process involving a number of histological, morphological and genetic changes, the frequency of detection of which increases with the age of the patient. Timely screening aimed at identifying and removing precancerous neoplasms in the early stages can lead to a significant reduction in the incidence of CRC. Despite this, the currently diagnosed rate of CRC in everyday clinical practice is relatively low, however, it is predicted that with personalized, based on anamnesis, screening for CRC, the frequency of its detection will increase significantly. The practitioner needs to be aware of the risk factors leading to CRC and the various stages of disease progression in order to recommend appropriate screening strategies. The use of a surveys that includes risk factors in the collection of anamnesis will reduce economic costs and not miss a cohort of patients who need a detailed examination. The purpose of the review is to present current data on the epidemiology of CRC and risk factors contributing to the occurrence of CRC. A literature review of articles (original studies and reviews) published between 2016 and February 2022 on the study of risk factors for CRC was performed. The methods of bibliographic, informational and semantic search of sources in the databases of Google PubMed, Scopus were used. The article discusses in detail the epidemiology and highlights the modified and non-modified risk factors for CRC, including within different age categories. Data on early CRC in young people are presented in detail and carry clinical and molecular features, as well as the role of the hereditary factor in development.
Medical staff and teachers are at high risk of infection. In this connection, it seems relevant to study the effectiveness of the safety of preventive measures aimed at reducing the incidence. A separate issue of which is the results of vaccination of risk groups for infection with SARS-CоV2. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the frequency of registration of post-vaccination reactions of various vaccines against COVID-19 approved for use in Russia among medical staff and faculty of medical higher educational institutions (HEI). A cross-sectional, retrospective, cross-sectional online study was conducted between January and March 2022. The survey involved the teaching staff and medical workers of medical higher educational institutions (HEI) and their subordinate clinics (n = 6032). The majority of vaccinated employees of medical institutions and medical schools had a good tolerability of immunization.Serious adverse events were not registered. A higher incidence of PE and NE was observed in respondents after the first vaccination (p < 0.05). Most often, respondents reported an increase in body temperature (6.9–21.7 %), myalgia (5.5–21.2 %), general weakness (8.4–23.6 %), arthralgia (1.7–9.7 %), local reactions (0.8–16.7 %). In more than 85 % of cases, the above complaints were detected in the first 3 days from the moment of vaccination. A history of COVID-19 infection increased the risk of local and systemic adverse reactions. Gender characteristics of the post-vaccination reaction were revealed, manifested by more frequent registration of NE and PE in men under 35. An inverse relationship between the frequency of NE and PE with age was determined. The presence of comorbid pathology in two or more systems, regardless of age, increased the risk (OR) of various PE and NE from 1.047 to 1.539. The results can be used as an additional tool when planning a personalized approach to vaccinating healthcare workers against COVID-19.
The cooperation between Russia and Vietnam in the current conditions of global turbulence and the stagnation of the Russian economy development is one of the major and most efficient ways of reviving the growth ratios. The Vietnamese economy is also seeking development drivers, so a partnership with Russia may be one of such drivers. The article is devoted to revealing the key barriers for the deeper cooperation and the ways of creating a better environment for future tighter cooperation. The novelty of the article is characterized by a new approach to the analysis of the cooperation of Vietnam and EAEU states through the research of its interactions with Russia as the key driver of the EAEU economy and Eurasian integration.
We consider the aspects of the adequate support for medical workers during the pandemic as an important topic for understanding the gaps and choice of the correct tactical measures is case the situation repeats. This article presents a review of the data on the condition of medical workers in various hospitals and clinics around the world. The staff working in the "red zones" most frequently suffered from the following conditions: psychological stress, increased workload, social isolation / stigma, lack of motivation, lack of quality personal protective equipment, lack of coordination and proper management during the work. Each day, the medical workers were exposed to the COVID-19 infection, and this situation had created clear risks to their physical health. The public healthcare system crisis impacted their mental health, contributing to anxiety, stress, depression, loneliness and other problems. Many authors had concluded that health professionals required a support for both physical and mental health.
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