Background and Aim: The coronavirus diseases-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused a global lockdown, which has limited the mobility of the public, and thus, more time is spent with their pets. Unfortunately, many social media have blamed pet animals as a reservoir of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiologic agent of COVID-19, triggering a panic abandonment of pets. However, no article has summarized the information regarding the role of pets as SARS-CoV-2 reservoirs. This study aimed to evaluate the role of pets as a reservoir of SARS-CoV-2 on the basis of research papers (i.e., animal model, surveillance, and case report) published in 2020. Materials and Methods: The review was conducted using articles from the PubMed database in 2020, using the keywords "COVID-19 in domesticated animals," which were screened and analyzed. Only the data from research articles were mimicked and transformed to conduct a meta-analysis. The meta-analysis was conducted regarding the effects of inhabitation and viral shedding in pets. In this study, we used 95% confidence intervals. Results: A total of 132 papers in PubMed were related to the keywords, whereas only 12 papers were appropriate to answer the dynamics of the role of pets as the reservoir for SARS-CoV-2. Seven studies indicated the potential of cat-cat (4/7), human-cat (2/7), and human-dog (1/7) SARS-CoV-2 transmission. No study proved the presence of cat-human transmission. Another study showed that comingling did not affect SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding among a cat and dog. Furthermore, the viral shedding of cats and dogs caused asymptomatic manifestations and generated neutralizing antibodies within a short period of time. Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 transmission is present in domesticated animals, especially in pet cats and dogs, and transmission occurs between animals of the same species (cat-cat). The reverse zoonosis (zooanthroponosis) was found from human to cat/dog (comingled) with asymptomatic clinical signs due to the representation of neutralizing antibodies.
The aimed of this study was to identify antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from Shrimp. There were 20 samples taken and isolated on surface of Eosin Methilen Blue Agar. E.coli produced metalic green colonies. Samples identified as E.coli based on macroscopic features and morphology of colonies, microscopic examination with gram staining and biochemical tests. The antibiotic sensitivity was determined through a standard antimicrobial disk diffusion test. The results of this study showed that 9 samples were bacteria of the spesies E. coli. Based on the results of antibiotic sensitivity test, it was found that 100 % of E. coli isolates were resistant to Amoxycillin 20 µg and 22,2 % of isolates are resistant to ampicillin 10 µg. Antibiotics Tetracycline 30 µg and Chloramphenicol 30 µg were 100 % sensitive. Gentamicin 10 µg showed that 77,8 % sensitive and 22,2 % intermediet. The precence of antibiotic resistance of betalaktam antibiotics makes it especially important to monitor antimicrobial susceptibility and mechanisms of resistance of E.coli isolated from shrimp, because new mechanisms of resistance occurring in animals may enter the food chain and its be transferred to the human. This importance of cooperation between sectors in order to monitor antimicrobial resistance.
Abstract-This study was conducted to know the effect of turmeric as immunomodulator in layer chicken against Avian influenza vaccine. This research used DOC that were given turmeric ethanol extract 50% concentration at day 8 until day 21, and Avian influenza vaccine was given at day 15. The bloods sample were collected at day 7, 14, and 21 at brachial vein. It was an experimental research and data were analyzed using t test paired sample. The result of total heterophils before AI vaccine was given showed an increased significant effect (p<0.05) (12.6563 ± 4.60) %, and after vaccine was (19.0000 ± 9.22) %. The results of total basophils before AI was given showed there was no significant effect (p>0.05) (2.9688 ± 1.96) %, and after vaccined was (3.2813 ± 1.76) %. It can be concluded that turmeric has an immunomodulatory effect.
Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular parasite of the protozoan group and is obligate parasite with definitive host is a cat and other family felidae, Toxoplasma gondii can cause Toxoplasmosis and is categorized as one of zoonotic diseases. This study aims to determine the Toxoplasma gondii infection in domestic cats (Felis domesticus) in the traditional markets of Sawahan sub-district, Surabaya City. This study used a faecal sample of 46 domestic cats in the traditional markets of the Sawahan sub-district consisting of 20 female cats, 10 male cats, and 16 kittens. Then examined at the Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wijaya Kusuma University. The examination was carried out by the native method using eosin 2% and the floating method using saturated sugar and observed under a microscope with a magnification of 100x-400x. The results showed there were no cats infected with Toxoplasma gondii but found 3 endoparasites namely Ancylostoma sp 23.9%, Toxocara cati 41.3% and Isospora rivolta 4.3%.
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