Annona muricata Linn. (soursop) is one of tropical plants which have relatively complete chemical compounds. It has flavonoid, tannin, phytosterol, alkaloid, etc. The high antioxidant compound in soursop is believed as cancer prevention so the cancer threat in the world can be minimized. The antioxidant compound in soursop can be found not only in its fruit, but also in other parts like leaves, seeds, etc. Based on that potency, this study aimed to compare antioxidant capacity of soursop leaves and seeds, also to study about the utilization of soursop parts which is usually not used. This research began with maceration to extract leaves and seeds with 96% ethanol. Ethanolic extract of soursop leaves and seeds were then tested for antioxidant capacity with DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method. The result showed that antioxidant capacity of soursop leaves and seeds are 85,66875% and 39,0166, respectively. The antioxidant capacity of leaves is higher than seeds due to seed's extraction difficulty so its antioxidant compound could not be extracted optimally. However, either leaves or seeds extract in this study are potential as antioxidant resources because there are no significant differences between antioxidant capacity of both extract.
Penggunaan minyak goreng secara berulang merupakan salah satu pemicu terjadinya kerusakan heparyang seringkali ditandai dengan meningkatnya kadar SGPT dan SGOT dalam darah. Penelitian ini bertujuanuntuk mengetahui efek pemberian ekstrak etanol kulit petai (P. speciosa) pada R. norvegicus yang terpaparminyak goreng bekas dengan indikator kadar SGPT dan SGOT. Penelitian dimulai dengan ekstraksi kulit petaiuntuk kemudian digunakan sebagai sumber antioksidan dalam melawan paparan radikal bebas akibat minyak jelantah secara in vivo. Rattus norvegicus dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok. Kelompok I kontrol negatif, Kelompok II dengan 1 ml minyak jelantah 118 mek/kg dan ekstrak etanol kulit petai dosis 100 mg/l, Kelompok III dengan 1 ml minyak jelantah 118 mek/kg dan ekstrak etanol kulit petai dosis 200 mg/l, serta Kelompok IV sebagai kontrol positif yang diberi 1 ml minyak jelantah 118 mek/kg. Pemberian ekstrak etanol kulit petai dengan dosis 200 mg/kgBB mampu mencegah kerusakan hepar yang ditandai dengan kadar SGPT dan SGOT serum yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan kontrol positif. Kesimpulan penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak etanol kulit petai memiliki potensi sebagai antioksidan dalam menangkal radikal bebas akibat paparan minyak goreng bekas.
Rekayasa genetika dilakukannya untuk manipulasi gen-gen tertentu sehingga ekspresi gen dapat dikontrol dan produknya dapat dimanfaatkan untuk tujuan tertentu, salah satunya untuk pengobatan penyakit dengan terapi gen. Terapi ini melibatkan transfer asam nukleat berupa DNA ke sel embrionik maupun somatik pasien sehingga gen tersebut memiliki efek pengobatan terhadap penyakit pasien. Gen fungsional yang ditransfer berperan menggantikan fungsi gen abnormal yang menyebabkan penyakit tertentu. Terapi gen dapat dilakukan pada sel embrional (germ line gene therapy) maupun sel somatik (somatic cells gene therapy) pada pasien secara in vivo maupun ex vivo. Penyisipan gen pada terapi ini menggunakan vektor virus maupun non virus. Keberhasilan terapi gen salah satunya tergantung pada efektifitas transfer gen yang dilakukan dan ekspresi gen fungsional. Gen fungsional yang telah tertransfer selanjutnya harus diekspresikan dengan baik sehingga terapi dapat berhasil. Kanker merupakan salah satu penyakit yang memungkinkan dilakukannya terapi gen, terkait dengan adanya abnormalitas gen penyebab proliferasi sel yang tidak terkontrol.
Sodium nitrite is one of common food addition in most meat product. This kind of food preservative is allowed by Permenkes No. 722/Menkes/Per/IX/88 only in minimum doses due to its carcinogenic effect. The most targeted organ is kidney which is sensitive to chemical matter as nefrotoxin. When the kidney is damaged, the erytropoietin secretion to form erytrocite is disturbed. Physiological damage in kidney can be identified by the concentration of blood creatinin and urea. The objective of this research is to study about blood creatinin and urea concentration of Wistar rats which is induced by sodium nitrite. Two groups of Wistar rats were induced by two doses of sodium nitrite (11.25 and 22.50 mg/kg body weight, respectively) a day with one group of control. Blood serum of those three groups were then be analyzed for creatinin and urea concentration each week for three months. The result showed that creatinin concertration is fluctuative during the day one to day ninety. The average of creatinin concentration for two treated groups is not significantly lower than control group. Generally, the urea concentration is increasing for day fourteen to seventy seven then decreasing in day eighty four to ninety. However, there are no significant differences among three groups.
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