Objective: To know the characteristics vertical position of mental foramen based on panoramic image as a guide in predicting the individual's age for the purposes of Forensic Odontology examination. Material and Methods: The method of this study was observational and descriptive by using the cross-sectional approach. The data is obtained from the secondary data, which is adopted by purposive sampling technique in RSGM FKG Hasanuddin University and RSUD Batara Guru Belopa, District Luwu, Indonesia. Data was analyzed by using descriptive analysis method. Results: Vertical position of mental foramen is mostly affected by age, but there are some cases where the Vertical position of mental foramen is not affected by the individual's age. Before the eruption processof permanent tooth finish, mental foramen is located closer with alveolar ridge. After the eruption process of permanent tooth, slowly mental foramen is moving halfway to the lower border of corpus mandible. As each individual grows older and resorption process occurs to alveolar bone, mental foramen will appear moving closer to alveolar ridge. Conclusion: The process of identifying mental foramen to predict individual's age in the relation with forensic odontology is possible to be done by using roentgen image in mandible of the dead victim. Although it still requires further identification, mental foramen position can be one of the references in predicting individual's age.

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This study aimed to assess the association of salivary pH, dental caries, and body mass index (BMI) in middle school students in Eastern Makassar. Material and Methods: This study included 60 middle school students from two schools in eastern Makassar. Data were collected by filling out a questionnaire, weight and height measurement, dental examination and saliva collection. Body mass index was calculated by dividing weight and height in kg/m 2 , saliva was collected by draining method, and salivary pH was measured with Saliva-Check Buffer (GC Japan). Decay Missing Filled-Teeth (DMF-T) indexes are used to assess dental caries. Statistical analysis was performed by chi-square and ANOVA with a significance of 0.05.Filled-Teeth (DMF-T) indexes are used to assess dental caries. Results: This study showed that overweight and obesity are more prevalent in female students than male students. Salivary pH in underweight students and overweight and obese students were lower compared to normal BMI students, while DMFT score in underweight, overweight and obese students was higher than the normal BMI students. Conclusion: It can be concluded that body mass index (BMI) have a significant association with salivary pH and DMFT score.

Objective: To compare the effects of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and connective tissue graft (CTG) in gingival recession treatment using coronally advanced flap (CAF) Methods: Electronic Pubmed, Wiley, and EMBASE searches were conducted to identify articles published in dental journals without any restrictions of publication date. Gingival Recession Depth (RD), Keratinized Tissue Width (KTW), Probing Depth (PD), Clinical Attachment Level (CAL) and % Complete Root Coverage (CRC) were evaluated at baseline and 6 months. Patients with discomfort postsurgery was measured by comparing Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores. Manual searches of human clinical trial and related articles were performed afterward. There are 31 studies explained about this, but only 6 studies met the inclusion criteria. Results: The initial database search produced 221 titles. All articles were selected for full-text review. Six studies were selected for inclusion, with 88 patients as subjects. Most of the studies showed the decreased of RD, PD, CAL and the increased of KTW in both techniques at baseline and 6 months follow up. The percentage of CRC showed higher in CTG rather than PRF whereas VAS score showed lower in PRF group Conclusion: Both PRF + CAF and CTG + CAF techniques are effective procedures in the treatment of gingival recession. The combination of CAF+CTG achieved a better result in root coverage however, PRF avoids a donor site, which means a major decrease in postoperative discomfort.

Objectives: This review aimed to understand the effect of exposure to panoramic radiographs on exfoliated buccal mucosal cells at the cellular level. Review: The dose of radiation exposure in dentistry, both intraoral and extraoral, has been regulated by The National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB). However, even though it is given in small doses, x-ray radiation due to intraoral and extraoral radiographs still has a radiobiological effect on the exposed tissue. The radiobiological effects of X-ray exposure can cause changes in biological molecules, either directly or indirectly, within hours or days. There are two classification of this radiobiological effect, called deterministic and stochastic effect. The deterministic effect occurs when the dose given exceeds the recommended dose by the NRPB, whereas the stochastic effect does not have any threshold that needs to be exceeded to give some adverse impact to the exposed tissue One method used as a predictor or biomarker of genetic damage due to exposure to physical or chemical mutagenic agents in humans is micronucleus (MN). The biomarker for the cell damaged is the change of nucleus shape and outline, called pycnosis, karyolysis, karyorrhexis. Conclusion: The exposed to x-ray from panoramic could induce cell and genetic damaged. Prescription for panoramic radiographic examination in patients should be as effectively as possible according to the principles of ALADA (as low as diagnostically acceptable) to avoid adverse effects on the exposed tissue.

The aim of this study was to analyze the first permanent molar condition on kindergarten student aged 5-6 years old in eastern suburban area of Makassar city. Material and methods: This study was a descriptive observational study on 100 kindergarten students from four schools in Tamalanrea District, Makassar City. Data was collected with clinical examination and interview. Data was gathered in terms of DMFT status of first permanent molar and OHI-S. Data was analyzed with descriptive statistics and t-test. In this descriptive cross-sectional study. Statistical analysis was performed by descriptive statistics and t-test. statistics and t-test. In this descriptive cross-sectional study. Statistical analysis was performed by descriptive statistics and t-test. Results: Mean DMFT of first permanent molars was 1.00 ± 1.10, with a higher value seen among boys. Mean decayed teeth component was 0.95, followed by filled (0.10) and missing (0.0) components. Conclusion:The observed oral hygiene status among the 5-6 yearolds necessitates implementing pre-ventive as well as restorative measures to improve the oral health status of the young population.

Objectives: This review aimed to understand the radiographic features of carotid artery atheroma on panoramic radiographs as an early diagnosis of atherosclerosis. Literature Review: Carotid artery calcification is caused by a plaque known as an atheroma. Atheroma is a plaque composed of lipids and rich in calcium. If atheroma formation in the carotid arteries increases, it would cause stenosis of the blood vessels and increase the risk of stroke. On panoramic radiographs, carotid artery atheroma appears as a heterogeneous radiopaque image with an irregular shape and well-defined borders. Radiopaque image located inferior to the angle of the mandible, close to the cervical spine (C3-C5) and above the hyoid bone. Conclusion: Incidental findings on panoramic radiograph could be an initial reference for further examination and evaluation of atherosclerosis.

Objective: To determine prevalence of Idiopathic osteosclerosis (IO) by radiographic evaluation and to investigate the relationship between the finding in relation with age, gender and location in Indonesia Sub-Population. Material and Methods: this was a cross-sectional study that panoramic radiograph of patients (1030 male and 1914 female) whose age range 10-82 years old and who visited Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Hasanuddin University Dental Hospital from 2017 and 2020. We evaluated group of age, location, appearance and occurrence of IO and analyzed using chisquare test. Results: in total, 2944 panoramic radiographs were examined, IO found in 144 (4.8%) patients and 170 IO’s were detected. IO detected mostly in mandible than maxilla (p<0.005) where premolar and molar area was the most common location of IO (42.3% and 41.7%; respectively). Most of cases was solitary lesion (<0.005) and unilateral (<0.005).  In addition, most of IO separate from teeth (45.8%) and also related with periapical site (35.3%). Conclusion:  Idiopathic Osteosclerosis can defined as developmental variation that can occur in any age range, no predilection of sex. The frequency of IO in Indonesia Sub-population is slightly lower than other country