In the modern context, the Traditional Medicine Knowledge (TMK) of Sasak community is a valuable economic asset considering its usage as a basic knowledge (milestone) in the modern medicine discovery. As a form of human intellectual ability, TMK is regulated under the IPRs-TRIPs regime, whereas TMK have prominent opposite characters with IPRs. This fact raises particular issues in terms of: the form of Sasak community’s TMK, regulation of its protection under the IPRs regime and the ideal legal institution to realize the protection. The majority of Sasak’s TMK are transmitted verbally, a fraction of it was written in babon (book of) tetamba/oat and lontar Usada. The IPRs-TRIPs regime only provides indirect regulation toward TMK, as contained in Patent and Plant Variety Protection Law. Ideally, there should be a local Law that particularly regulates protection on Sasak’s TMK in order to prevent misappropriation. Thus, there is a void of Law since there is no Sui Generis Law on the protection of TMK.Keywords: legal protection, traditional medicine knowledge, legal void
The Tenun Sasak, an Indonesian traditional woven fabric, requires proper legal protection to prevent and to solve various violations of laws. Currently, there is no single sui-generis law on the subject matter as it sporadically regulated in several laws. This article examines issues related to the perspective of Sasak community toward Tenun Sasak, existing regulation on economic and cultural aspects of Tenun Sasak in Indonesian legal discourse, and the expected legal protection form to preserve its economic and cultural values. To address these issues, the study applied socio-legal research methodology by combining primary legal material, literatures, and secondary legal material to gain clearer de jure and de facto perspective. For Sasak community, the traditional woven fabric is not only body cover. It contains more depth values such as inter-generation cultural inheritance, reflection of socio-cultural values, and source of livelihood. In Indonesian legal discourse, Tenun Sasak is regulated in certain laws and regulations ranging from Intellectual property (IP) and others. The expected forms of laws to protect the economic and cultural values consist of establishment of database, sui generis law, and local law on the subject matter. It can be concluded that to protect and preserve the economic and cultural dimension of the subject matter, a holistic legal arrangement is required both inside and outside the IP system.
This research's main objective is to study various patterns of collaboration between stakeholders (central and local governments, tourism industry players, and affected communities) in the post-earthquake mitigation and recovery processes in tourist destinations in West Nusa Tenggara. This research methodologically uses a literary study approach. The relevant information has been collected from various news sources from electronic media, and then the information is arranged chronologically and thematically so that it can be studied further. In the research results section, we describe flashbacks of the Lombok earthquake disaster and then explain what has been done by the stakeholders. Finally, what should be done next in the post-disaster tourism destination recovery agenda? This study's insights may help policymakers, tourism businesses, and affected communities consider strategic collaborative measures in post-disaster recovery.
Indonesia dikenal sebagai salah satu Negara yang kaya akan Sumber Daya Genetika (SDG), dimana kekayaan tersebut telah banyak dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat tradisional dalam berbagai aspek kehidupannya. Salah satu hasil interaksi antara Sumber Daya Alam dengan masyarakat adalah lahirnya bioteknologi tradisional. Dalam konteks industri, SDG dan bioteknologi tradisional berguna sebagai pengembangan produk baru khususnya produk farmasi. kondisi ini melahirkan tarik ulur kepentingan antara Negara pemilik dengan pengguna sumber daya. Beberapa permasalahan yang dapat diformulasikan adalah berkaitan dengan bentuk pengaturan hukum SDG dan bioteknologi tradisional di Indonesia, faktor-faktor pemicu permasalahan pemanfaatan SDG dan bioteknologi tradisional oleh industri farmasi dan bentuk pengaturan yang memadai bagi perlindungan kedua sumber daya di atas. Melalui metode penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan bahan hukum primer dan sekunder diperoleh jawaban bahwa Indonesia telah mengesahkan beberapa Perundang-undangan untuk melindungi SDG dan pengetahuan tradisional yang terkait, yang dapat dikategorisasikan menjadi Perundang-Undangan di bidang Kekayaan Intelektual dan di luar Kekayaan Intelektual. Teridentifikasi tiga faktor pemicu permasalahan pemanfataan SDG dan bioteknologi tradisional. Bentuk pengaturan yang paling memadai berupa aturan sui generis dan penguatan kelembagaan. Untuk mengoptimalkan pengaturan di atas disarankan pembentukan database dan inventaris, penguatan sumber daya manusia dan perluasan sosialisasi kepada masyarakat.
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