In the modern context, the Traditional Medicine Knowledge (TMK) of Sasak community is a valuable economic asset considering its usage as a basic knowledge (milestone) in the modern medicine discovery. As a form of human intellectual ability, TMK is regulated under the IPRs-TRIPs regime, whereas TMK have prominent opposite characters with IPRs. This fact raises particular issues in terms of: the form of Sasak community’s TMK, regulation of its protection under the IPRs regime and the ideal legal institution to realize the protection. The majority of Sasak’s TMK are transmitted verbally, a fraction of it was written in babon (book of) tetamba/oat and lontar Usada. The IPRs-TRIPs regime only provides indirect regulation toward TMK, as contained in Patent and Plant Variety Protection Law. Ideally, there should be a local Law that particularly regulates protection on Sasak’s TMK in order to prevent misappropriation. Thus, there is a void of Law since there is no Sui Generis Law on the protection of TMK.Keywords: legal protection, traditional medicine knowledge, legal void
Dalam konteks kekinian Pengetahuan Obat Tradisional (POT) masyarakat adat Sasak merupakan aset ekonomi bernilai tinggi mengingat kegunaannya sebagai pengetahuan dasar (milestone) dalam penemuan obat modern. Sebagai suatu wujud kemampuan intelektual manusia, POT diatur di bawah rezim HKI-TRIPs, padahal POT memiliki perbedaan karakter yang mencolok dengan HKI. Hal ini memunculkan persoalan dalam hal bentuk POT masyarakat adat Sasak, pengaturan perlindungannya dalam rezim HKI dan pranata hukum ideal untuk mewujudkan perlindungan hukum tersebut. POT Sasak mayoritas ditransmisikan secara lisan, sebagian kecil ada yang tercatat dalam babon (kitab) tetamba/oat dan lontar usada. Dalam rezim HKI hanya terdapat pengaturan tidak langsung terhadap POT seperti termuat dalam Undang-Undang Paten dan Perlindungan Varietas Tanaman. Idealnya, terdapat suatu peraturan daerah yang mengatur secara khusus skema perlindungan POT Sasak demi mencegah tindakan misappropriation. Dengan demikian, masih terdapat kekosongan hukum karena belum ada peraturan perundang-undangan sui generis mengenai perlindungan POT.In the modern context, the Traditional Medicine Knowledge (TMK) of Sasak community is a valuable economic asset considering its usage as a basic knowledge (milestone) in the modern medicine discovery. As a form of human intellectual ability, TMK is regulated under the IPRs-TRIPs regime, whereas TMK have prominent opposite characters with IPRs. This fact raises particular issues in terms of: the form of Sasak community’s TMK, regulation of its protection under the IPRs regime and the ideal legal institution to realize the protection. The majority of Sasak’s TMK are transmitted verbally, a fraction of it was written in babon (book of) tetamba/oat and lontar Usada. The IPRs-TRIPs regime only provides indirect regulation toward TMK, as contained in Patent and Plant Variety Protection Law. Ideally, there should be a local Law that particularly regulates protection on Sasak’s TMK in order to prevent misappropriation. Thus, there is a void of Law since there is no Sui Generis Law on the protection of TMK.
The purpose of this study is to determine the legal protection model for the majority and minority shareholders in public limited companies. This research method is normative research. To investigate the ineffectiveness of laws and regulations, in particular, Law No. 40 of 2007 on limited liability companies in providing shareholder protection, researchers have studied the laws and regulations and considered the views of experts on legal concepts related to legal protection for shareholders, particularly, minority shareholders. The results showed that the law did not provide maximum legal protection for minority shareholders, creating an imbalance between the rights of the minority and majority shareholders. For this reason, 1) reform or progressive changes in laws and regulations are needed, for instance, in PT Law No. 40 of 2007. These changes should be fundamental to philosophical aspects (values and perspectives) in providing shareholder protection; 2) the review of shareholders’ protection methods should be based on the aspects of fairness
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