This research aimed to reveal different ways of thinking of society for men’s and women’s positions from the sociolinguistic point of view to accomplish the previous research. The research was conducted by studying language data in sentence formation on short story (fiction) and article (nonfiction). The short story and article used as data sources originated from internet media. This research used a qualitative descriptive method. The data were analyzed using equality and distributional methods. The finding data are classified into two: language form choice difference is based on linguistic factor and non-linguistic factor. Linguistic factor includes morphology, lexicon, phrase, compounds words, idiom. Non-linguistic factor includes the use of husband’s and wife’s names; call of husband’s name after wife’s proper name. The research shows that gender bias in Javanese society is expressed in differences in language forms choice to men and women. The language forms obtained from the data covers differences in language forms choice as caused by a social way of thinking to men’s and women’s status in daily life.
The focus of this research was the use of Javanese verb forms. The problem was studied with a sociolinguistic approach. The object of this research was the selection of Javanese verb forms used by speakers in the Magelang region. The informants were children, adolescents, and adults, both male and female. The informants in this research were 50 Javanese speakers. Data obtained by the technique of listening, recording, and taking notes. The problem was studied using speech component theory and language politeness norms. This research used a qualitative descriptive method. Based on this research, it is known that some children and the younger generation are less able to choose the correct form of verbs related to the level of speech, for example, the words ‘siram’ (bath), ‘tindak’ (go), and ‘mireng’ (hear). These three words should refer to people with whom to speak and be respected, not to describe oneself. Using an inaccurate form of the verb can lead to the assumption that the speaker is impolite. Based on the findings in this research, it is hoped that there will be efforts, both in the domain of families, schools, stakeholders, and policymakers, to provide better education to speakers, especially children, and the younger generation. With better education, it is hoped that the younger generation will be able to understand well the proper use of verbs. Incorrect use of the verb form can indicate the impoliteness of the speaker.
The reduced ability of children and young people to speak Javanese has motivated researchers to conduct research on the shift in Javanese language. The data in this study are primary data. Respondents were selected by purposive sampling technique. The data were processed using the SPSS program and then analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The theory used to discuss the problems in this study is the theory of language shift. The results of this study indicate that in the DIY coastal area there is a shift in the use of Javanese. In the past, Javanese was used to communicate in the family and in daily conversations with fellow Javanese people, now some of its speakers have switched to using Indonesian. In fact, some parents use Indonesian as a mother tongue to their children. Speakers of children and adolescents tend to be less able to speak Javanese well, both ngoko and krama. Adult speakers tend to speak Javanese, both ngoko and krama. However, the mastery tends not to be as good as older speakers. The vitality of the Javanese language in the DIY coastal area based on the calculation of the indicator index is 0.73. The index value indicates that Javanese in the DIY coastal area is in the index number 0.61-0.80 or is in a stable but threatened position.
Various titles and honorifics expressions in Javanese society has become particular interest for writer to analyze. The honorific expressions described in this paper include the title of nobility and greeting word in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. The research uses equality method to review particular lingual unit using determiner tools beyond language. Based on the data and analysis it is known that titles of the nobles are rara, gusti raden ajeng, gusti raden ayu, kanjeng pangeran harya, gusti bendara raden mas, gusti bendara raden ajeng, gusti bendara raden ayu, bendara raden mas, bendara kanjeng pangeran, bendara raden ajeng, bendara raden ayu. Where greeting word based on social class, the writer classifies it into three, upper, middle, and lower class. The greeting word on upper class society are such as papi, mami, papa/papah, mama/mamah, daddy, mom, tante, om, oma, opa, eyang, jeng. The greeting word on middle class society are such as ayah, ibu, bapak, bunda, abi, ummi, paman, bibi, mas, mbak. The greeting word on lower class society are such as pak/bapak, mbok/embok/simbok, biyung, mbakyu, pakdhe, mbokdhe, paklik, bulik. The greeting word are decreasing in number are embok/mbok/simbok dan biyung. Defining the greeting word is tightly associated to social status of the speakers.
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