Introduction As non‐carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) may compromise aesthetics and function, knowledge of their aetiological covariables enhances management of clinical complaints and success of restorative treatments. Aims The primary aim of this study was to assess the presence of NCCLs among the general population of the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina and the potential association with patient‐related risk factors. Methods A prevalence study of NCCLs included 738 respondents from eight towns/municipalities. Two dental practitioners examined all respondents. NCCLs were diagnosed according to the Smith and Knight tooth wear index, measured using a Williams periodontal probe. Data regarding risk factors were obtained through a structured questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyse the association of risk factors and the occurrence of NCCLs. Results Non‐carious cervical lesions were diagnosed in 384 (52%) respondents. Multivariate regression analysis showed that several variables were independently associated with the risk of developing NCCLs, including frequent consumption of acid food (P = 0.001), frequent consumption of acid drinks (P = 0.001), retaining drink in the mouth (P = 0.001), alcohol consumption (P = 0.030), bruxism (P = 0.018) and gastro‐oesophageal reflux (P = 0.023). First mandibular premolars were the most affected teeth (left: 46.0%; right: 44.0%), followed by the second right maxillary premolars (37.3%), second left maxillary premolars (33.6%) and finally by the first right maxillary premolars (34.0%). Conclusion The results of the current study suggest that NCCLs occur frequently and have a multifactorial aetiology. The lowest prevalence was recorded among individuals younger than 20 years of age. As the majority of risk factors are modifiable, regular dental care could lead to the early detection of NCCLs.

In the first round of the organized colorectal cancer screening in Serbia the participation rate of the targeted population was high and gave encouraging result. It was expected that in the forthcoming rounds even higher coverage of the target population would be accomplished. A positive predictive value of the completed colonoscopies showed that further work on observing the stages of diagnosed adenomas and carcinomas would reach the goals of the expected improvement in early detection of colorectal cancer in Serbia.

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Summary Introduction There is growing interest in the world for estimating the cost for the treatment of a disease. This value can be used to determine to which extent a particular disease or group of diseases burden society in terms of the global crisis (Segel 2006). In 2000, Organization for Economic Countries Development (OECD) established a System of Health Accounts (SHA), and provided methodological guide for calculating the cost of treating the disease. The aim of this study was to determine the cost of individual health care in the Republic of Serbia according to the major International Classification of Diseases (ICD) for the period 2010-2015. Material and Methods A retrospective and comparative analysis of health statistics from the database of the Institute of Public Health of Serbia (IPHS) and financial information provided by the National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF) in the period 2010-2015 was performed. Financial information and data on hospital services, outpatient, home health care, auxiliary health care services, drug consumption and consumer goods in healthcare were analyzed using SHA methodology. Results showed that during observation period the maximum cost of individual health care in Serbia by main classification ICD was achieved in 2015 and it was 194,128,864,011 RSD (€1,580,853,941; $1,764,807,854) and the minimal cost was achieved in 2010, 151,333,139,835 RSD (€1,434,464,541; $1,908,843,843). Conclusion The cost of individual health care in the Republic of Serbia in the period 2010-2015 increased by thirty percent. The highest amount was allocated to treat people with diseases of the circulatory system.

Objectives: Increased C. difficile infection rates were observed during the last decade, as well as the onset of complicated forms of the disease. The primary objective of this study was to report the first outbreak of C. difficile in a Serbian hospital, aiming to determine clinical and environmental factors associated with the outbreak. The secondary objective was to describe outbreak control measures taken.Design: The retrospective cohort study conducted from 18 April to 22 May 2013 in Serbian healthcare. Ninety-five patients hospitalized at the Department for orthopedic surgery during the CDI outbreak.Results: Prophylactic antibiotic therapy was identified among 93.3% patients with and 87.9% without C. difficile infection. The multivariate logistic regression analysis has shown that the independent risk factors for C. difficile infection incidence are the age beyond 70 (OR = 4.5; 95%CI = 1.1-18.2; p = .031) and the length of antibiotic therapy (OR = 1.5; 95%CI = 1.1-2.1; p = .017).Conclusion: The length of antibiotic prophylaxis is linked with the incidence. Orthopedic departments have a risk of C. difficileinfection. Infection control measure, antimicrobial stewardship programs and compliance to guidelines for the prescribing of antibiotics play important role in the prevention of C. difficile infection burden.