Introduction As non‐carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) may compromise aesthetics and function, knowledge of their aetiological covariables enhances management of clinical complaints and success of restorative treatments. Aims The primary aim of this study was to assess the presence of NCCLs among the general population of the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina and the potential association with patient‐related risk factors. Methods A prevalence study of NCCLs included 738 respondents from eight towns/municipalities. Two dental practitioners examined all respondents. NCCLs were diagnosed according to the Smith and Knight tooth wear index, measured using a Williams periodontal probe. Data regarding risk factors were obtained through a structured questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyse the association of risk factors and the occurrence of NCCLs. Results Non‐carious cervical lesions were diagnosed in 384 (52%) respondents. Multivariate regression analysis showed that several variables were independently associated with the risk of developing NCCLs, including frequent consumption of acid food (P = 0.001), frequent consumption of acid drinks (P = 0.001), retaining drink in the mouth (P = 0.001), alcohol consumption (P = 0.030), bruxism (P = 0.018) and gastro‐oesophageal reflux (P = 0.023). First mandibular premolars were the most affected teeth (left: 46.0%; right: 44.0%), followed by the second right maxillary premolars (37.3%), second left maxillary premolars (33.6%) and finally by the first right maxillary premolars (34.0%). Conclusion The results of the current study suggest that NCCLs occur frequently and have a multifactorial aetiology. The lowest prevalence was recorded among individuals younger than 20 years of age. As the majority of risk factors are modifiable, regular dental care could lead to the early detection of NCCLs.
Introduction:The literature indicates different factors influencing recruitment of health professional students to work in rural areas. The purpose of this study is to explore the willingness of health profession students in the Faculty of Medicine Foca, University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina to work in a rural area following graduation and the factors influencing incentives to pursue a rural career. Methods:The cross-sectional study included first-year through sixth-year students aged 18 years or older and enrolled in one of three study programs at the Faculty of Medicine: medicine, dentistry and nursing. The questionnaire was distributed at the beginning of the winter semester during the first required lecture for each year and study program class. Data was analyzed using student t-test, analysis of variance when appropriate, Kruskal-Wallis test and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 519 students participated, an 88.3% response rate. Three hundred and ninety-nine (77%) participants responded positively to the question 'When you complete your studies, would you be inclined to accept a job in a rural region?' Factors associated with willingness to practise in rural areas included being female (p=0.027) and having a rural upbringing (p=0.037). Significant differences between medicine, nursing and dentistry students were found in their opinion that willingness to work in rural practice depends greatly on the possibility to get residency more easily (p=0.001). Compared to their peers, nursing students had better opportunities to attend national courses cost-free (p=0.027) and to be involved in the education of new generations of health profession students (p=0.001). Getting a post in an urban area after a work period in a rural area was most valued as an incentive by dentistry students (p=0.037). The multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze predictors of willingness to practise in rural areas. Students who had been raised in a rural community (p=0.042) as well as female students (p=0.016) were more likely to accept rural practice. Statistical significance at an alpha level of 0.05 was not reached for study program and year of study. Conclusions:The results of the study showed a high willingness of medicine, dentistry and nursing students to work in rural areas following graduation. Female students and students who were raised in a rural community were more likely to choose a rural career. Stakeholders should be committed to strengthening the rural deployment of health professionals by creating a more attractive, rural environment.
Oral health is an integral part of general health and can significantly affect the quality of life [1, 2]. The prevalence of oral diseases is high and their impact on an individual and a community is significant [3]. Dental caries is one of the most common chronic diseases today, occurring in 60-90% of school children and many adults [1]. It should be noted that caries in children has not been completely eradicated, but has been put under control only to a certain extent [4]. Recent research has shown a significant improvement of dental health and decrease in caries prevalence in all age groups. However, dental caries is still the most frequent disease in adolescence [5]. Incomplete maturation of enamel, increasing number of surfaces susceptible to caries, external factors such as diet, poor oral hygiene and other social factors may also contribute to increased risk for caries in adolescents [6, 7]. In addition to dental caries, adolescence is critical period for periodontal health. Epidemiological and immunological data have indicated that irreversible damage of periodontal tissue begins in late adolescence and early youth [8]. Frequent occurrence of gingivitis in adolescents as compared to pre-pubertal children and adults has also been noticed. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of caries and gingivitis in adolescents age 15 and 17-18 years in the municipality of Foca, Republika Srpska. MATERIAL AND METHODS The final year students from all five elementary schools (two urban and three from suburbs) and the only high school in the municipality of Foca were included in this cross-section study. All students present at the school on the day of the clinical trial were included in the study. There were 135 students (age 15) of primary school (the ninth grade) and 217 students (age 17-18) third and fourth grade of high school. Clinical examination was conducted in classrooms using dental mirrors, dental and periodontal probes under natural light and artificial lighting of the room. The incidence of dental caries was determined using DMFT index and its components (D-decayed, M-missing, F-filled teeth) as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) [9]. Periodontal tissue condition was determined using gingival index (GI) by Löe and Silness.
Introduction. Dental caries has been one of the oldest but still one of the most common oral diseases in humans. Even though it has been almost eradicated in developed countries due to increased fluoride use, adoption of proper oral hygiene habits and systematic implementation of preventive programs, caries remained one of leading oral diseases in developing countries. Epidemiological data about the prevalence of caries is very important for prediction of need for dental care, number of dental care providers as well as financial aspect. The aim of this study was to determine dental status and indicate dental treatment need in adults of the municipality of Foca, Republika Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina). Material and Methods. The study included 244 randomly selected residents (131 males and 113 females) from the municipality of Foca which were divided into three age groups: 20-29, 30-39 and 40-49 years. Dental status and need for dental treatment were determined in accordance to the criteria and methodology of the World Health Organization. Results. Mean value of DMFT index was 12.7 for the first age group, 16.4 for the second and 20.5 for the third age group of respondents. Dominant components in the first group were restored and carious teeth while in the third age group number of extracted teeth dominated. Also, in the third age group of respondents need for one and two or more surfaces fillings was significantly lower (p<0.01), but need for removable dentures was significantly higher (p<0.01) as compared to other two groups. Conclusion. These results indicated high value of DMFT index in adult population of the municipality of Foca.
Introduction Self- assessment of oral health is simple, non-invasive and cost-effective method of collecting data that takes into account psychosocial aspects of oral health. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of clinical factors on the self-perception of oral health in middle-aged patients in Republika Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina). Material and Methods The study included 126 subjects of both genders (34.1% male and 65.9% female) aged 24-54 years. Data were collected through questionnaires and clinical examination. Anonymous questionnaire contained questions related to socio-demographic characteristics of respondents. Clinical examination included teeth condition and the presence of prosthetic restorations. Self-perception of oral health was determined by one question. Results Bivariate analysis indicated significant effect of carious (p<0.001), missing (p<0.001) and filled teeth (p=0.022) but not the prosthetic status on self-perception of oral health. Correlation between the number of carious and missing teeth with self-perception of oral health was significant in regression analysis. Conclusion The number of carious and missing teeth had significant impact on self-assessment of oral health in studied population. Knowledge of effects of oral clinical variables on self-perception of oral health is very important to obtain clearer insight into the association between objectively and subjectively assessed oral health.
Kratak sadržajUvod. Savremena farmakoterapija šizofrenije udružena je sa čestom pojavom metaboličkog sindroma kao nuspojavom. Cilj našeg istraživanja je pokazati karakteristike metaboličkog sindroma kod oboljelih od šizofrenije i liječenih atipičnim antipsihoticima tokom 2010. godine u Kliničkom centru Istočno Sarajevu, Bolnice i kliničke službe Foča.Metode. U ispitivanje smo uključili 48 ispitanika oba pola, koji su se javili na pregled psihijatra tokom 2010. godine u Klinički centar Istočno Sarajevo, Bolnice i kliničke službe Foča. Dijagnoza šizofrenije je postavljena od strane psihijatra, primjenom ICD-10 klasifikacije mentalnih poremećaja i poremećaja ponašanja. Prilikom prvog kontrolnog pregleda ispitanicima su određivani vrijednost glikemije natašte, triglicerida i HDL holesterola u serumu, vrijednost arterijskog pritiska, obim struka i BMI.Rezultati. Kod većine pacijenata bila su prisutna tri, dakle najmanji broj kriterijuma za postavljanje dijagnoze metaboličkog sindroma, a to su bili, najčešće, povećan obim struka i povećana koncentracija triglicerida u serumu. Kod ispitanika kod kojih je postojala arterijska hipertenzija, ona je bila dominantno dijastolnog tipa.Zaključak. O metaboličkom sindromu kao nuspojavi primjene antipsihotika treba voditi računa zbog veće učestalosti kardiovaskularnih bolesti i smrti, kao i diabetes mellitus-a tip 2 koji su povezani sa metaboličkim sindromom. U terapiju metaboličkog sindroma potrebno je uvesti specifične lijekove (antihipertenzivi, antilipemici, peroralni antidijabetici i sl.) koji smanjuju rizik od kardiovaskularnih bolesti i smrtnosti u cilju normalizovanja vrijednosti visokog krvnog pritiska, povišenog šećera i dr.Ključne riječi: atipični antipsihotici, metabolički sindrom, šizofrenija UvodŠizofrenija je hronični kompleksni poremećaj mozga, koji nastaje kao posljedica interakcije između genetskih, bihejvioralnih, razvojnih i drugih faktora. Prevalenca iznosi oko 1% u opštoj populaciji. Početak bolesti je često iznenadan i intezivan, a istraživanja ukazuju na ranije javljanje simptoma kod muškaraca. Najčešće je prva hospitalizacija prije 25. godine života, a kod žena nerijetko bolest počinje
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