Background: Risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been associated with stress from serving in a war, but it has not been established whether children who experience warrelated stress are at increased CVD risk. Objective: This study aimed to compare CVD risk factors in young adults according to whether they experienced traumatic events as children during the 1990-1995 war in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and whether those exposed to trauma have evidence of subclinical atherosclerosis. Method: We examined 372 first-year medical students who were preschool children during the war (1990-1995) (average age 19.5 ± 1.7 years, 67% female) in 2007-2010. They completed the Semi-Structured Interview for Survivors of War. CVD risk factors and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) measurements were obtained and compared in individuals with and without trauma. We also examined whether increased CIMT was independently associated with trauma after adjustment for other risk factors. Results: From multiple logistic regression, only elevated triglycerides (> 1.7 mmol/l) were associated with a 5.2 greater odds of having experienced trauma. The mean CIMT of subjects with trauma was greater than that of non-trauma-exposed subjects (0.53 mm vs 0.50 mm, p = 0.07). Moreover, trauma was independently associated with higher CIMT (difference = 0.036 mm, p = 0.024) after adjustment for CVD risk factors. Conclusions: We show that most CVD risk factors are associated with postwar trauma in young adults, and, if present, such trauma is associated with higher triglycerides and higher levels of CIMT in multivariable analysis.
Background (Rev Med Chile 2010; 139: 896-901).
SummaryThe aim of this paper is to give a brief overview of research and the newest theoretical considerations on internet addiction classification and treatment. Over the past years we have been increasingly facing the so-called "new age" disease of internet addiction as a serious problem affecting numerous people, especially the young population who has made social networks and other internet contents a modus vivendi. A literature search was conducted for the purpose of locating information on prevalence, diagnosis and treatment of internet and computer addiction. Certain researchers and psychiatrists believe that the excessive internet use is a symptom of other disorders, such as depression and anxiety, or impulse control disorder. However, over the past few years a consensus has been reached that this constellation of symptoms is actually an addiction disorder. The American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) has recently come up with a new definition, according to which addiction represents a chronic brain disorder. Consequently, the new American Classification of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) has introduced this form of addiction under the diagnostic category dubbed "cybernetic disorder". The field of internet addiction is advancing rapidly through its official recognition as a separate and distinct addiction disorder. Some individuals with internet addiction are at significant risk and merit professional care and treatment. There are several treatments available, but the primary prevention is the most effective intervention. Family practitioners and psychiatrists should be taught to screen their patients for this disorder.
Kratak sadržajUvod. Rad je usmjeren na potpunije sagledavanje strukture patološko konativnih faktora i njihove međusobne interakcije, kao i interakcije sa kognitivnim aspektom. Cilj istraživanja je ispitivanje odnosa i intenziteta ispoljavanja određenih patoloških konativnih faktora (depresivnosti i hipohondričnosti) u zavisnosti od nivoa ispoljavanja samoefikasnosti kod adolescenata.Metode. Korištene metode u istraživanju su: metoda teorijske analize i servej metoda. Podaci su prikupljeni: objektivnim upitnicima (pseudo-upitnici), skalom patoloških konativnih faktora, skalom opšte samoefikasnosti, upitnikom za ispitivanje socijalno demografskih obilježja (pol, uzrast, školski uspjeh i vladanje). Uzorak je činilo 140 učenika starosti od 15 do 18 godina.Rezultati. Analizom rezultata utvrđena je najprije distribucija intenziteta ispoljavanja depresivnosti i hipohondričnosti adolescenata, zatim je sagledana priroda odnosa zavisne i nezavisne varijable, kao i odnos sa socijalno-demografskim obilježjima. Najveći broj adolescenata 48 (34%) ispoljava nizak intenzitet depresivnosti, 51 (36,4%) adolescent ispoljava umjeren nivo hipohondričnosti. Statistička značajnost nije potvrđena u odnosu depresivnosti i hipohondričnosti sa samoefikasnošću adolescenata. Od socijalno-demografskih obilježja (školski uspjeh, vladanje, pol) statistička značajnost potvrđena je u odnosu između pola i depresivnosti adolescenata. Učenice su sklonije ispoljavanju depresivnih simptoma u adolescenciji. Razlike u ispoljavanju hipohondričnosti u zavisnosti od socijalno-demografskih obilježja (školski uspjeh, vladanje, pol) nisu statistički značajne.Zaključak. Najveći broj adolescenata ispoljava nizak i umjeren intenzitet ispoljavanja depresivnosti i hipohondričnosti. Od socijalno-demografskih obilježja (školski uspjeh, školsko vladanje i pol) potvrđena je statistička značajnost u odnosu pola i intenziteta ispoljavanja depresivnosti. Ostala socijalno-demografska obilježja nisu determinante koje značajno utiču na intenzitet ispoljavanja depresivnosti i hipohondričnosti adolescenata.
<p>Skin lesions have a strong influence on the mental health. Literature indicates the complex interrelationships between psychosocial factors and psoriasis, which substantially reduce the quality of life of these patients. These interrelationships are based on numerous interactions that exist between the immune, nervous and endocrine systems and they are the basis of interactions that exist between mental and somatic health and the environment. Psychodermatology was developed as a new interdisciplinary field, a connection between psychiatry and dermatology. More than just cosmetic disfigurement, psoriasis is associated with various psychopathological problems that may have an impact on patients, their families and society. Numerous psychological disturbances occur in patients with psoriasis. Also, a significant psychiatric comorbidity was found in patients with psoriasis. Exacerbation of psoriasis leads to a deterioration of mental health. The treatment of psoriasis requires an interdisciplinary approach of a dermatologist and a psychiatrist. Various forms of psychological interventions have been proposed as a potentially useful addition to a standard pharmacological treatment of psoriasis.&nbsp;</p>
Kratak sadržajDemencija je stečeni poremećaj koji nastaje po završetku razvoja inteligencije. Heterogenost i varijabilnost kliničkih obeležja, kao i histopatoloških nalaza, navela je mnoge autore da pokušaju da koncipiraju vodič koji će poslužiti kako za lakše postavljanje dijagnoze demencija u odnosu na druge bolesti, tako i njeno definisanje na diferencijalno dijagnostičkom polju samih demencija. Pri kliničkom pregledu bolesnika sa demencijom treba tražiti tzv. skrivene simptome, tj. one simptome kojih sam bolesnik nije svestan. Za procenu kognitivnog oštećenja-što je osnovni elemenat kliničke slike-u svakodnevnoj kliničkoj praksi vrlo su korisni kratki, orijentacioni testovi, kao što je MMSE (Mini Mental State). Dobru linearnost sa stepenom kognitivne deterioracije pokazuju i drugi testovi za dijagnozu i diferencijaciju koji su dizajnirani za bolesnike sa demencijom u sklopu neuropsihološkog testiranja. Nakon toga se sprovode ciljane biohemijske analize i niz pretraga korišćenjem određenih tehnika za vizuelizaciju strukturnih promena na moždanim strukturama. Terapijske strategije se oslanjaju na tri stuba: simptomatsku terapiju bez modifikacije patološkog procesa i progresije bolesti; specifičnu etiopatogenetsku terapiju koja je usmerena na centralne patogenetske mehanizme bolesti i preventivnu terapiju koja bi trebalo da utiče na pojavu bolesti. Ključne reči: demencije,lečenje, dijagnostički testovi UvodDemencija je stečeni poremećaj koji nastaje po završetku razvoja inteligencije. To je sindrom izazvan oboljenjem mozga, obično hronične ili progresivne prirode, u kome postoji višestruko oštećenje viših kortikalnih funkcija uključujući pamćenje (oštećeno upamćivanje uz propadanje inventara znanja), orijentaciju u vremenu i prostoru, rasuđivanje, shvatanje, te promene ličnosti (narušavanje finih emocija, etičkih principa, estetskih shvatanja). Kognitivna oštećenja su obično praćena deterioracijom emocionalne kontrole, socijalnog ponašanja ili motivacije.Demencija dovodi do značajnog pada u intelektualnom funkcionisanju, i takođe narušava aktivnos-
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