Acinetobacter baumannii became a serious endemic and widespread pathogen responsible for causing nosocomial infections due to restricted treatment options. This study was conducted to evaluate the role of both antibiotic resistance and genetic pattern in infection caused by MBLs resistance A. baumannii isolated in Baghdad hospitals. Finally, developing selective media in order to detect multidrug resistance A. baumannii isolates according to colony shape appearance changing. Collected 124 isolates from various clinical and environmental sources. Biofilm Formation was detected, Antibiotic sensitive for 21 antibiotic discs were determined, MDR index calculated, PCR was performed to investigate MBLs genes bla (IMP2,
Introduction and Aim: The ability of Acinetobacter baumannii to form biofilms on biotic and abiotic surfaces is regulated by several pathogens’ virulence factors, and this is thought to be at the root of the bacteria's resistance to antibiotics. We hope to learn how temperature, pH, and iron concentrations influence the development of biofilms in A. baumannii isolated from COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 individuals, and which genes are relevant for biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance. Materials and Methods: Eight strong adherent isolates of A. baumannii from respiratory tract infection Iraqi patients (4 from COVID-19 and the other from non-COVID-19 just respiratory patients) had been used in this study which conducted from 10/1/2021 to 10/2/2022. The antibiotic sensitivity of all isolates was determined using the VITEK-2 system. The biofilm associated genes OXA-51, bap, Chaperone Usher (CsuE) and Integron-1, was detected using PCR. Isolates of A. baumainni were put through a battery of tests to determine whether they possessed the capacity to produce robust biofilms under a wide range of both physical (temperature, pH) and chemical circumstances. Results: A. baumannii showed that all isolates were multidrug resistant and positive for the biofilm genes studied. Effect on temperature on biofilm formation showed at 44ºC biofilm formation was significantly lower than that at 37ºC (mean differences of 0.178000 (t= 8.355, df:3, P=0.004) and 0.204000 (t=26.521, df:3, P=0.000) respectively). The adhesion factor value in the COVID-19 positive and negative groups decreased significantly because of the pH change. Iron concentration of 60 µM significantly lowered biofilm formation among COVID-19 group and non-COVID-19 group. Conclusion: A. baumanni are multidrug resistance isolates with a capacity to form biofilms. The ability to form biofilms by A. baumannii is strongly influenced by physical and chemical factors.
Qurum sense is regulatory systems that enable bacteria to expretion for a specific set of genes by making collective decisions and regulation of virulence factors of pathogenic Acintobacter baumannii, the prevalence of carbapenem resistance among (8) different antibiotic groups pattern. In the MDR index, all isolates showed high MDR, ranged from (6-21) antibiotics. MDR index is between (0.29-1.0).Quantitative biofilm production assay showed that 118/124(95.1%)of isolates were biofilm-formers. Detection of QS genes showed that (97.6%)121/124,(98.3%)122\124 and (4.8%)of isolates carried luxR, rhlI and rhIR genes, respectivelly. All isolates possess rhIR gene are isolated from child meningococcal patients and characterized by the strong biofilm formation. Identification of abaI gene in A.baumannii producing the QS signal molecules detected in124\124(100%). The current study revealed a strong relationship between Q.S genes luxR,rhII,rhIR and oxacillinases presence OXA23, OXA69. While a strong negative correlation between OXA48 and OXA69 with the rhIR gene. All isolates carried Integron I(n=124)(100%) with a significant presence of (luxR, rhII) genes, while INT2,3 had a highly significant level with rhIR. Noteworthy, (n=105) 84.7% of OXA51 positive isolates have carried ISAbal-blaOXA-51, whereas all isolates which have OXA23 carried ISAbal-blaOXA-23(n=65)52.4% most of them revealed IMP&MEM resistance phenotype. Insertion sequence(ISAbal-blaOXA-51) showed significant correlation with luxR, rhII genes, while there was no correlation among ISAbal25, ISAbal, ISAbal25-blaADC and luxR, rhII. Positive correlation recorded with all IS with rhIR, except ISAbal-blaADC.ads-a gene was observed in 77/124(62.1%) of isolates, which associated with aminoglycoside resistance, and included within the 93 XDR isolates. Studied isolates showed the same prevelance rate for ompA, smpA which was122\124(98.4%) of isolates.
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