The Internal-External Locus of Control (I-E) Scale devised by Rotter was administered to more than 1,500 students in Australia, Japan, New Zealand, Sweden, and the United States. The scores were categorized by sex and country and then analyzed by means of a 2 X 5 analysis of variance. A sex main effect (p < .001) demonstrated that females had a higher belief in external control of their lives than did males. A country main effect also appeared (p < .001); the mean I-E score was highest (most external) among subjects from Sweden, followed by those from Japan, Australia, the United States, and then New Zealand. The Swedes and Japanese differed significantly from each other as well as from the other three countries, but the other three did not differ reliably among themselves. The Sex X Country interaction was not significant.

During the period of old age, everyone wishes to have good quality of living. However, only the ones who have been well-prepared at the younger age could make this wish comes true. This study aims at investigating the psychosocial antecedents of the preparation of quality aging based on ambidextrous approach. Samples were 489 undergraduate students. Path analysis with latent model revealed a good fit. The findings revealed that psychological latent trait (future orientation and self-control, need for achievement, mental health, and core self-evaluation) and situational latent variable (perceived modeling, social support, and social norm) directly affected the preparation for quality aging  (present quality of life, knowledge acquisition, and knowledge usage) via the psychological latent state R2 of 0.606 latent (attitude towards preparation, and locus of control of preparation) with the. Discussion and implications are offered.

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Can anyone living based on religious orientation in the tempted environment be happy?  The world’s renounced “Sufficiency Economy “ lifestyle bestowed by His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej The Great of Thailand is the important promotive practice.  This study investigated direct and indirect effects of traits, situation, religious belief and practice, and behavior based on “sufficiency economy philosophy” on happiness especially hedonic and eudaimonic types. Samples were 323 Booniyom community members, from Santi Asoke, a cult in Buddhist religion.  Results from path analysis indicated the model fit that supported the interactionism model with suggestion to add path relationship between group of antecedents. It was found that happiness was directly accounted for 83 percents by the sufficiency economy relating behaviors, as well as, religious belief and practice. Discussion, further analysis, and suggestions were offered.

The older population in the 21th century usually live a longer and healthier life. This pinpoint the necessary and sufficient factors for their empowerment and sustainability. Therefore, this study aims at investigating possible antecedents of social support giving behavior of elderly and its relation to Buddhist type of happiness. A group of 395 older adults with ages range from 59 to 90 years old responded to a set of questionnaires. Multiple regression analysis reveals that having role models, Buddhist belief and practice, elderly school attendance, and generativity trait were the important predictors of social support giving behavior. Predictive power in the total sample was 39.74%, and between 33.66% to 53.82% in subgroups. In addition, social support giving behavior is related to greater Buddhist happiness, and higher core self-evaluation. Suggestions for enhancing empowerment and sustainability living of the older rural population are offered.