Background:Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) is a state of extremely increased oxidative stress. Hence, research and test of role and significance of oxidative stress in hypertensive disturbance in pregnancy is very important.Aim:Aims of this research were to determine a level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) as oxidative stress marker in blood of pregnant woman with pregnancy induced hypertension and to analyze correlation of TBARS values with blood pressure values in pregnancy induced hypertensive pregnant women.Patients and methods:Research has been performed at the Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Centre in the Republic of Srpska. It covered 100 pregnant women with hypertension and 100 healthy pregnant women of gestation period from 28 to 40 weeks. Level of TBARS is determined as an equivalent of malondialdehyde standard, in accordance with recommendations by producer (Oxi Select TBARS Analisa Kit).Results:Pregnancy induced hypertension is a state of extremely increased oxidative stress. All pregnant women experiencing hypertension had increased TBARS values in medium value interval over 20 µmol, 66%, whereas in group of healthy pregnant women, only 1% experienced increased TBARS value. Pregnant women with difficult preeclampsia (32%) had high TBARS values, over 40 µmol, and with mild PIH, only 4.9% pregnant women.Conclusion:Pregnant women with pregnancy induced hypertension have extremely increased degree of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. TBARS values are in positive correlation with blood pressure values, respectively the highest TBARS value were present in pregnant women with the highest blood pressure values.

Introduction:Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH), especially preeclampsia, is a state of extremely increased oxidative stress (OS), due to decrease of antioxidant capacity in comparison to normotensive pregnant women. The consequences of increased state of oxidative stress with hypertension disorder in pregnancy are disorder of placental blood flow, intrauterine hypoxia of the fetus and disturbance in transfer of O2 manifested as pathological ultrasound (US) parameters (amount of amniotic fluid and biophysical profile of fetus) and cardiotocography parameters (CTG).Aim:The aim of this research is to analyze correlation of TBARS oxidative stress markers with ultrasound parameters of pregnancy course and cardiotocography parameters in pregnant women with PIH.Patients and methods:Research has been performed at the Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Centre of the Republic of Srpska. It covered 200 pregnant women, 100 of them with PIH and 100 healthy pregnant women, at gestational age from 28 to 40 weeks. All pregnant women were analyzed for US parameters of pregnancy course and CTG records as well as oxidative stress biomarker, values of Thiobarbituric Acid (TBARS).Results:Pregnant women with PIH had high statistical significant (pre)pathological CTG records and US- biophysical profile, less amount of amniotic fluid and delivered in lower gestation compared to healthy pregnant women. TBARS high values are statistical high significant frequent with pregnant women with PIH, who had pathological and pre-pathological biophysical profile and CTG records, as well as with US less amount of amniotic fluid (p<0.01). The highest TBARS values were presented with PIH pregnant women and US of less amount of amniotic fluid 42.3 µmol.Conclusion:There is statistical strong connection between TBARS values, being used as oxidative stress markers, and diagnostic methods used in PIH diagnostics, ultrasound (amount of amniotic fluid, fetus biophysical profile) and cardiotocography recording. TBARS could also be significant in clinical application for assessment of pregnant women with PIH in order to make decisions on pregnancy termination period.

Introduction. This article investigated the role of oxidative stress in the etiology of pregnancy induced hypertension. The aim of this study was to determine the degree of oxidative stress, and the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance in the blood of pregnant women with and without pregnancy induced hypertension and to correlate these parameters with clinical parameters during pregnancy and delivery. Material and Methods. This prospective study was performed at the University Clinical Centre of the Republic of Srpska. It included 200 pregnant women-100 with pregnancy induced hypertension, and 100 healthy normotensive pregnant women between 28 to 40 weeks of gestation. Results. Pregnant women with pregnancy induced hypertension had significantly higher median levels of oxidative stress marker: thiobarbituric acid reactive substance of 36.7 µmol compared to the control group of 13.2 µmol. Pregnant women with pregnancy induced hypertension presenting with complications had significantly higher thiobarbituric acid reactive substance mean levels of 41.6 µmol compared with pregnant women without complications. The highest thiobarbituric acid reactive substance level of 43.9 µmol was found in pregnant women with Hemolysis, Elevated, Liver Ensimes, Low Plateles syndrome. Conclusion. The study showed that thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, as an oxidative stress marker, may be used in clinical practice in the assessment of the severity of complications and as an indicator for timely delivery in women with pregnancy induced hypertension. Further studies and a larger study sample of pregnant women with severe hypertension are necessary to confirm this conclusion.

Introduction: In pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) there is a disorder in placental blood flow which causes intrauterine fetal hypoxia, and oxidative stress has a significant role in this condition. The aims of this research were to analyze the relation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), as a marker of oxidative stress and absent end-diastolic flow (AEDF), as well as the relation of TBARS and cerebroplacental ratio (CPR). Methods: The research included 200 pregnant women in the gestation period from 28th to 40th, 100 were in a control group and 100 were with PIH. The CPR and TBARS were analyzed in all examined pregnant women. The CPR was calculated by dividing the Doppler indices of the middle cerebral artery by the umbilical artery. Results: Mean value of TBARS in the group with the PIH who had AEDF was in the interval of high values - 43.22 μmol/l. The result shows that through the application of Spearman’s coefficient, the correlation results in a statistically significant correlation between CPR and TBARS values: ρ = - 0.249, p = 0.0001. Conclusion: PIH has a very high level of oxidative stress, especially in pregnant women with absent end-diastolic flow in the umbilical artery and pathologic CPR. The Spearman’s test results in statistical significance and negative correlation, which means that in higher TBARS values, values of CPR are lower and vice versa, which indicates a possibility of clinical application of TBARS.

The authors in their paper show the case with the female patient D.S. 51 years old, which was surgically treated for genital condyloma in 1981, 1986, 1999, 2006 and 2008. Under registration number 3119/2006 was received at Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic in Banja Luka with the diagnosis of condyloma acuminatum permagnum. Patient suffered from a huge tumorous, cauliflower formation, which was located on the mons pubis, and down to the anus, laterally to the right of the gluteal region to the left thigh. Patient was operated–Vulvectomia simplex cum extirpatio tumoris reg glutealis l dex. We obtained pathohistological findings (no. 4876 / 06) which read: condyloma acuminatum permagnum. After two years patient was rehospitalized at Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic in Banja Luka, (registration number 1311/08) with almost identical findings in the same region under the diagnosis of condyloma acuminatum permagnum recidivans, St. post. vulvectomiam simplex et extitpationem tumoris glutealis reg l dex. All preoperative findings – laboratory analysis, X-ray of the lung and heart and ultrasound of the small pelvis were within the reference values. In this paper we describe the location of the tumor and how it is resolved – Extirpatio tumoris reg glutealis l. dex. et perianalis.Pathohistological findings confirmed previous diagnosis. In this paper we highlight our experiences regarding the operations of an unusually large tumors of genital condyloma and recurrent genital condyloma that were almost of the same size. Our experience could be useful to work on the education about sexually transmitted diseases, in order to improve the prevention of the viral diseases (vaccination), the treatment of these illnesses and to disseminate the warning that the regular check-ups with gynecologist are necessary.

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Background/Aim: With an increase in cardiac output, blood pressure values in pregnancy increase. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of prenatal exercises on the circulatory parameters and the correlation between blood pressure and nailfold capillary parameters in healthy pregnant women. Methods: The blood pressure shape and length of nailfold capillary were assessed in 35 non-exercising pregnant women and 35 pregnant women who exercised, at the beginning of the study (between 20 and 32 gestational week) and the end of the study (28 - 40 gestational week). Results: The elevation in blood pressure was significantly lower in pregnant women who exercised in relation to non-exercising pregnant women. After eight weeks, the length of the capillary loops was increased by 30 µm and the number of pregnant women with pronounced shape changes of capillary loops increased, with no difference between the groups. Non-exercisers had a correlation between the change in diastolic pressure and the increase in capillary length (r = 0.53, p = 0.001). In the experimental group, the correlation between the change in blood pressure and the increase in the length of capillary loops was not determined. Conclusion: Prenatal physical activity had a beneficial impact on the circulation of pregnant women. In pregnant women in the third trimester, after eight weeks of follow-up, the length of the nailfold capillary loops and the presence of pronounced shape changes of capillary loops were increased, without difference between exercisers and non-exercisers. In non-exercising pregnant women, the capillary length was increased with the elevation of diastolic blood pressure, while the correlation was not found in pregnant women who exercised.

Introduction. Placental dysfunction is underlying cause in most of the intrauterine growth restriction and the pregnancy complications where the fetus does not achieve its genetically determined potential for growth. The critical process for the development of the placenta is angiogenesis. CD31 is an important endothelial adhesion protein that enables angiogenesis. The study aimed to analyze the CD31 expression and vascular parameters in normal placentas and IUGR placentas. Methods. Thirty placental samples, fifteen IUGR placentas, and fifteen term normal placental samples were analyzed. The hematoxylin-eosin method and immunohistochemical method with anti CD31 antibody were used for the staining of the tissue sections. The analyzed vascular parameters were: capillary number density (CND), capillary area density (CAD), and capillary surface density (CSD). Results. Between normal placentas and IUGR placentas there was no determined difference in CD31 expression. Positive intensive staining of CD31 was found in the endothelium of all blood vessels and no staining was observed in cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast cells. In IUGR placentas, CND of 2.55 capillary/1000 µm2 villous area was significantly decreased compared to normal placentas of 3.49 capillary/1000 µm2 villous area. CAD in IUGR placentas of 30.49 % was significantly decreased compared to normal placentas of 52.80 % villous area. CSD in IUGR placentas (92.81 µm/1000µm2) was significantly reduced compared to CSD in normal placentas (145.51 µm/1000µm2). Conclusion. The localization and intensity of CD31 expression were not different between the IUGR and normal placentas. Histological vascular parameters of placental villi are decreased in the IUGR placenta. In case of intrauterine growth restriction, there is a reduced vascularization of the terminal villi of the placenta.