IzvodPorast proizvodnje uljane repice (Brassica napus L.) evidentan je u svetskim razmerama, a poslednje decenije i u Srbiji. Uljana repica se koristi prvenstveno za dobijanje ulja za ishranu i prerađivačku industriju, ali i kao izvor proteina za ishranu domaćih životinja i zelenišno đubrivo. Nakon gajenja sorti počelo se 90-ih godina prošlog veka sa oplemenjivanjem i gajenjem hibrida uljane repice, kako bi se iskoristio efekat heterozisa u F1 generaciji, uz istovremenu zaštitu prava oplemenjivača prilikom prometa semena. U oplemenjivanju hibrida uljane repice neophodno je u kvalitetan početni materijal (linije dobrih kombinacionih sposobnosti) uneti svojstvo muške sterilnosti. U Institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad koristi se prvenstveno Ogura sistem sterilnosti. Korišćenje ovog sistema obuhvata unošenje citoplazmatske muške sterilnosti (cms linije majke) i gena za restauraciju fertilnosti (Rf linije oca). Da bi se sterilnost linije majke održala neophodno je proizvesti i liniju održivača citoplazmatske muške sterilnosti. Prilikom stvaranja ovih linija, hibrida i u semenskoj proizvodnji u Institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo intenzivno i vrlo uspešno su korišćene citogenetske laboratorijske metode. Analizirana je građa i vitalnost polena, kao i različite faze tokom mejoze i utvrđena stabilnost svojstava prilikom unošenja ovih gena u različite linije.U oplemenjivanju uljane repice u Srbiji postignuti su značajni rezultati kroz saradnju istraživača koji se bave genetikom i oplemenjivanjem ove biljne vrste. Do sada je pored 12 sorti ozime i dve sorte jare repice u Srbiji registrovan hibrid ozime uljane repice NS Ras. NS Ras je ranostasni hibrid koji se odlikuje visokim prinosom zrna i ulja. Prosečan prinos u dve sezone za tri lokaliteta je bio 4256 kg ha -1 semena i 1704 kg ha -1 ulja. Još tri perspektivna ozima hibrida uljane repice nalaze se u postupku registracije u republici Srbiji i jedan u EU. U rešavanju mnogih izazova u oplemenjivanju, prvenstveno otpornosti na biotski i abiotski stres, pored klasičnog oplemenjivanja neophodno je primeniti, citogenetske i molekularne analize za povećanje efikasnosti oplemenjivanja uljane repice.
The important role of buckwheat in moder human diet and contemporary, sustainable agriculture derives from its chemical composition of grain and modest growing requirements. Consequently, there is an increasing trend of areas under buckwheat with a rate of 22.46% per year. Buckwheat arouses great interest as essential ingredient for functional foods because of its health benefits. Its grain is one of the best sources of high quality protein in the plant kingdom. Buckwheat is very sensitive to the lack of moisture, especially during the first development phases, in period of rooting, during flowering and yielding period. So, the aim of investigation was to estimate the optimal seed rate of buckwheat to achieve the productive, economic and other objectives, especially important for ecological agriculture, in conditions of stubble sowing and irrigation. The investigation included 12 genotypes and three sowing density (80, 120 and 160 grains m-2). The highest average grain yield is obtained in density of 160 grains per m-2 , then in density of 120 grains per m-2 , but the lowest in 80 grains per m-2 density. Difference in grain yield between 160 grains per m-2 and 120 grains per m-2 density variants is a slight, only 80 kg or 3.49% that means both sowing density variant could be applied successfully in buckwheat planting technology, but sowing density of 120 grains per m-2 has priority because of production economics.
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