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Spodoptera frugiperda is a major pest in several crops due to its polyphagous habit. Studies on the use of essential oils for pest control have been increasing over the years, presenting itself as a promising alternative with less environmental impact. Chemical profile evaluations of essential oils enable the knowledge and use of major compounds, providing a better understanding of their actions in the life history of insects. Thus, the study evaluated the effects of the major compounds limonene, trans-anethole and the combined effects upon nutrition, reproduction and testicular apoptosis in S. frugiperda. Larvae of third instar were submitted to the LD of the compounds by topical contact and 48 h later the amounts of lipids, proteins, total sugar and glycogen were evaluated. The testicular apoptosis was evaluated in the treated larvae after 48 h and the reproductive parameters were evaluated after adult emergence. All treatments reduced the amounts of lipid, protein, total sugar and glycogen when compared to control. The most significant results were obtained by the association of compounds. All treatments reduced the number of eggs, oviposition period and adult longevity when compared to control. There were no changes in the pre-oviposition and post-oviposition periods. Testicular apoptosis was observed in the limonene and in the combined treatments. It is concluded that limonene and trans-anethole, especially in association, cause adverse effects upon nutrition and reproduction in S. frugiperda, altering essential parameters for its survival and establishment on crops.

Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a major pest of maize, Zea mays L. Its control is often achieved through repeated applications per season of insecticides, which may lead to adverse effects on the ecosystem. Thus, the study of alternative methods with less environmental impact has expanded to include the use of essential oils. These oils are products of the secondary metabolism in plants, and their insecticidal activity has been widely demonstrated in populations of many pest insects. This study evaluated the insecticidal activities of essential oils from Eucalyptus staigeriana, Ocimum gratissimum, and Foeniculum vulgare on Spodoptera frugiperda. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry profiles and contact toxicity of these oils as well as their sublethal effects on larvae and reproductive parameters in adults were evaluated. All three oils had sublethal effects on S. frugiperda; however, the oil of O. gratissimum showed the best results at all doses tested. These essential oils may have promise for control of S. frugiperda.

Objetivos: Traçar o perfil epidemiológico da Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica em uma população de zona urbana.  Métodos: Estudo descritivo, transversal, com abordagem quantitativa, desenvolvido nas unidades básicas de saúde (UBS) da zona urbana do município de Aldeias Altas-MA. A amostra foi composta por 228 hipertensos cadastrados no programa Hiperdia e acompanhados pela Estratégia Saúde da Família Resultados: O perfil predominantemente encontrado no estudo revelou indivíduos hipertensos do sexo feminino, raça/cor negra, casados, analfabetos, lavradores, com renda mensal de até um salário mínimo, sedentários, não etilistas e não tabagistas, com sobrepeso. Com relação ao estágio da HAS, a maioria encontrava-se com hipertensão leve. Diagnóstico desta patologia há mais de 10 anos, e estes têm hábito de consultar-se uma vez por mês com médico. Antecedentes familiares com hipertensão. A doença associada que apresentou destaque foi DM. E como forma de tratamento da HAS, a maioria realizava dieta (controle do sal) e uso de medicamentos (IECA), mas que não apresentavam aderência ao tratamento. Conclusão: Notou-se que é necessário prestar assistência diferenciada no âmbito da atenção primária, a fim de reduzir a prevalência da hipertensão, no intuito de modificar o estilo de vida e/ou possíveis fatores de riscos e, consequentemente, diminuir a morbimortalidade ocasionada por complicações da HAS.

-The objective of this work was to assess the fumigant and repellent effects of essential oils on adults of Callosobruchus maculatus and to identify the chemical composition of two of the tested essential oils. For the fumigation test, the oils of Schinus terebinthifolius, Piper aduncum, Syzygium aromaticum, Piper hispidinervum, Cymbopogon citratus, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, and the eugenol compound were tested at different concentrations on C. maculatus adults. For the repellency test, the oils of S. terebinthifolius, P. aduncum, P. hispidinervum, S. aromaticum, Jatropha curcas, and Ricinus communis were evaluated. In the fumigation test, it was observed that P. aduncum and eugenol showed the highest and lowest LC 50s , of 169.50 and 0.28 µL L -1 air, respectively. In the repellency test, the oils of S. aromaticum and P. hispidinervum were repellent to C. maculatus. Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of these two oils identified 42 compounds, of which safrole was the main component of P. hispidinervum and eugenol of S. aromaticum. The essential oils of S. aromaticum, C. zeylanicum, and the eugenol compound are the most promising to control C. maculatus, via fumigation.