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Eleven subjects in sixteen experiments breathed 0.6–0.8 ppm of ozone through a mouthpiece for 2-hr periods. Measurements of pulmonary function were made immediately before and after each experiment. The changes were compared with those observed after a control experiment in which air was breathed through the same circuit for a similar period. In this concentration, ozone was found to produce a highly significant reduction in steady-state D1CO of 5.4 ml CO/min mm Hg, a change about four times larger than that of the air control experiments. The vital capacity, FEV0.75 x 40, and maximal midexpiratory flow rate decreased by about 10% after ozone breathing, the change being statistically significant in the first two of these only. Gas distribution, and dynamic and static pulmonary compliance were measured in two subjects and were not affected by ozone. Thickening of the alveolar wall by edema fluid is suggested as the most likely explanation of the fall in D1CO that has been observed. The vital capacity and expiratory flow rates may be limited in part by tracheobronchial irritation that follows inhalation of 0.6 ppm of ozone for 2 hr. diffusing capacity after breathing ozone; lungs, effect of ozone; pulmonary function after breathing ozone Submitted on September 23, 1963

The long-term well-being of both people and nature is achievable, assuming major changes in resource distribution and consumption at a global level. This optimistic outlook for the world requires rapid identification of major knowledge gaps that would undermine our ability to achieve a sustainable future if left unaddressed locally and regionally. Our goal was to identify the science needs that would make the biggest contribution to sustaining human society and natural systems in the Upper Midwest and Great Plains, United States. We engaged an interdisciplinary group of scientists and practitioners in an iterative exploration and prioritization process. The resulting list of 50 research questions identified science gaps for strategy implementation to achieve conservation success. Of the original list, 17 questions ranked as highly important in the region. These 17 questions constitute a conservation science agenda for the region. We call for alignment around this common agenda and a concerted, multidisciplinary approach to addressing these priority scientific needs.

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