Measurements of chromosome aberrations or micronuclei in lymphocytes obtained from 7 patients indicate that angiocardiography produced chromosome damage corresponding to an average absorbed dose of about 50 rads. This is an order of magnitude larger than was estimated from the exposure rate. Experiments on lymphocytes suspended in solutions of methylglucamine and sodium diatrizoate (Renografin) or sodium diatrizoate alone (Hypaque) indicate that the chromosome damage observed in the patients is due in larger part to two effects: (a) an increased absorption of x rays as compared to blood and (b) a breakage of chromosomes even in the absence of x rays.
Sup&. , I n s t i t u t e o f Human E l u t r i t l o n , New York C i t y .13!lere ; u s b e e n r e c e n t i n t e r e s t i n t h e t h e s i s t h a t t i l e a f f e c t s o f e a r l y ~n a l r~u t r i t i o n c a n b e r e v e r s e d i n c h i l d r e n who a r e s u b s e q u e n t l y r a i s e d In a n " e n r i c h e d " were e v a l u a t e d b e t w e e n a g e s 6 a n d 1 2 . R e s u l t s demons t r a t e d t h a t i n t h o s e a d o p t e d b e f o r e a E e two t h e 1.9. e~ivix.onn~e:lt. 'Po t e s t t h i s p o s s i b i l i t y we e x a m i n e d t h e r e c o r d s o f a c o h o r t o f K o r e a n c h i l d r e n , s e v e r e l y m a ln o u r i s h e d (SM), m o d e r a t e l y n o u r i s h e d (MN),o f t h e Si.1 a v e r a g e d 1 0 2 , t h a t o f WN, 1 1 2 , w i t h t h e ?IN i n b e t w e e n . :'ieasurement o f s c h o o l p e r f o r m a n c e showed a s i m i l a r p a t t e r n ( s t a n i n e 5 -Si4; 5 -m; 6 -WN. I n t h o s e c h i l d r e n n o t a d o p t e d u n t i l t h e y w e r e beyond two y e a r s o f a g e , I . Q . a n d a c h i e v e m e n t was r e d u c e d i n a l l g r o u p s s o t h a t t h e m a l n o u r i s h e d c h i l d r e n f e l l s i g n if i c a n t l y b e l o w A m e r i c a n norms ( s t a n i n e 4.51.. An i l l v e r s e r e l a t i o n s h i p b e t w e e n h e i g h t , 1.9. o r a c h i e v ement a n d t i m e o f a d o p t i o n was n o t e d . T h e s e d a t a demols t r a t e t h a t a l t h o u g h c e r t a i n d i f f e r e n c e s may p e r s i s t b e t w e e n p r e v i o u s l y m a l n o u r i s h e d a n d well n o u r i s h e d c h i l d r e n , t i m e o f a d o p t i o n i s e x t r e m e l y i m p o r t a n t i n d e t e r m i n i n g t h e m a g n i t u d e o f t h e s e c h a n g e s . To f a c i l i t a t e increased u t i l i t y of a 16 bed NICU Unit, we adopted a policy of e a r l y discharge (ED) of i n f a n t s c2000 gm following recovery from acute i l l n e s s . Once the i n f a n t was out of 02 and o r a l feeding s t a r t e d , i n f a n t was r e t r a n s f e r r e d t o the h o s p i t a l of b i r t h . An inservice teaching program a t primary hosp i t a l s preceded such policy. In a 12 month period 273 i n f a n t s were referred t o NICU. 72/243 died; 171 i n f a n t s survived. 62/171 were i n f a n t s 42000 gm a t b i r t h . 50% (32/62) of them were ED t o t h e primary h o s p i t a l ; 49% were discharged l a t e (LD) from NICU. Final Weight a t diecharge from h o s p i t a l s was the same in both groups. ~a t a shows t h a t length of NICU s t a y f o r LD was significantly high. (P ~0 0 1 ) . This leada t o sig?ificantly high c o s t per p a t i e n t i n LD than i n E D ($10,000 vs $5,000). Based on 100% occupancy of 16 beds and average length of s t a y of 16 days, only 365 i n f a n t s could be admitted i n a year. Actual admiss i o n s t o our u n i t during t h i s period was 435, a 16% increase i n bed u t i l i z a t i o n . W e conclude ED of i n f a n t s from NICU increases 1: u t...
The frequency of micronuclei assayed in lymphocytes obtained from 73 young adults increases significantly with the age, but not the sex, of the donor. The dose of medical X-rays absorbed by the lymphocytes in the 2 years before the examination has no significant effect on micronucleus frequency, provided the data are adjusted for age. However, a small significant increase in frequency is associated with X-ray examinations that involve the injection of contrast media into the blood.
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