Effect of Radiation and Contrast Media on Chromosomes

Adams, Forrest H.; Norman, Amos; Mello, Renato S.; Bass, Doris

doi:10.1203/00006450-197704000-00096

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…In the literature, the influence of contrast media on chromosomal aberrations during in vitro irradiation has been described . We could also observe in our study that iodine in contrast agents significantly enhanced the number of DNA double‐strand breaks in peripheral lymphocytes, which is of major significance for radiologists in clinical practice.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Influence of different iodinated contrast media on the induction of DNA double‐strand breaks after in vitro X‐ray irradiation

Deinzer

Danova

Kleb

et al. 2014

Contrast Media & Molecular

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The objective of this work was to examine differences in DNA double-strand break induction in peripheral blood lymphocytes after in vitro X-ray irradiation between iodinated contrast agents. Four different iodinated X-ray contrast agents--three of them with two different iodine concentrations--and mannitol (negative control; concentration of 150 mg mannitol per ml blood) were pipetted into blood samples so that there was a concentration of 0, 7.5 or 15 mg of iodine per ml blood in the samples. Negative controls without contrast medium (0 mg of iodine per ml blood) were also processed for every irradiation dose. The tubes were exposed to 0, 20 or 500 mGy in vitro X-ray irradiation. After that, the lymphocytes were separated by using density-gradient centrifugation. Fluorescence microscopy was applied to determine the average number of γH2AX-foci per lymphocyte in the presence or absence of different contrast media or mannitol. Differences in the number of γH2AX-foci were statistically analysed by one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey's honestly significant difference test. Iodinated contrast agents led to a statistically significant increase in DNA double-strand breaks after in vitro irradiation. This effect increased statistically significant with rising radiation dose and appeared independent of the contrast agent used (iopromid, iodixanol, iomeprol, iopamidol). A statistically significant difference in DNA damage between the different tested contrast agents was not found. Therefore, the increase in DNA double-strand breaks depends solely on the amount of iodine applied. For evaluation of clinical consequences, our findings could be tested in further animal studies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Influence of different iodinated contrast media on the induction of DNA double‐strand breaks after in vitro X‐ray irradiation

Deinzer

Danova

Kleb

et al. 2014

Contrast Media & Molecular

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“…One consequence of this, not often appreciated, is that cells in the vicinity of an iodine-rich solution will receive a higher radiation dose than would be the case if iodine were not present. This is partly responsible for the reported cytogenetic changes in lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo (Adams et al, 1977;Norman et al, 1978;Cochran et al, 1980;Cochran & Norman, 1982;Hadaghy et al, 1982). Though these data clearly signal an undesirable, if unavoidable, phenomenon in diagnostic radiology, such a cytotoxic effect may be capable of exploitation in radiotherapy.…”

mentioning

confidence: 71%

“…There is already literature documenting adverse effects of the combination of contrast agents and radiation on lymphocytes (Adams et al, 1977;Norman et al, 1978;Cochran et al, 1980;Cochran & Norman, 1982). Studies on micronuclei suggest that some contrast agents (diatrizoates) may possess intrinsic mutagenic properties which are enhanced by radiation exposure (Norman et al, 1978;Cochran & Norman, 1982).…”

Section: (/) Diagnostic Radiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Iodinated contrast agents as “radiosensitisers”

Dawson¹,

Penhaligon²,

Smith³

et al. 1987

BJR

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The sole purpose of radio-contrast agents is to increase the absorption of X rays in blood vessels and soft tissues. Current diagnostic agents take advantage of the properties of iodine with its acceptably low clinical toxicity and moderately high atomic number (53), the latter yielding a relatively large absorption coefficient for photons in the diagnostic X-ray energy range, owing to the photoelectric effect. One consequence of this, not often appreciated, is that cells in the vicinity of an iodine-rich solution will receive a higher radiation dose than would be the case if iodine were not present. This is partly responsible for the reported cytogenetic changes in lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo (Adams et al, 1977;Norman et al, 1978;Cochran et al, 1980;Cochran & Norman, 1982;Hadaghy et al, 1982). Though these data clearly signal an undesirable, if unavoidable, phenomenon in diagnostic radiology, such a cytotoxic effect may be capable of exploitation in radiotherapy.To examine this latter possibility, cells in vitro were treated with various concentrations of the contrast agent meglumine ioglycamide (Biligram, Schering AG) and subjected to orthovoltage X rays. Marked radiation enhancement was obtained at an iodine concentration of 50mg ml" 1 , a concentration that is well within the range achievable in the bloodstream. METHODChinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were grown in monolayer culture in Hepes-buffered minimum essential medium (MEM) supplemented with 15% fetal calf serum, nonessential amino acids and L-glutamine. Tissue culture flasks (25 cm 2 ; Nunclon) were seeded with 3.5 x 10 5 cells 24 h before irradiation, so that cells were in the exponential phase of growth during treatment.Biligram was obtained as a 17% aqueous solution (85 mg ml" 1 iodine) and diluted with complete medium to the required concentration. Biligram cannot pass through the cell membrane and a 10% aqueous solution was not cytotoxic towards a cell monolayer for 1 h at 37°C. Monolayers of CHO cells were given 5 or 10 ml of fresh complete medium (depth of medium 2 or 4 mm above cell monolayer), containing the necessary quantity of Biligram, 5 min before irradiation.Cell monolayers growing on the bottom of flat plastic flasks were irradiated from above with X rays generated at 250 kVp (half value layer 0.83 mm Cu) and at a dose-rate of 1.60 cGy min ~1. The incident beam passed through 4 mm of iodine-rich medium before reaching the cell layer.In a further experiment, to examine the importance of the direction of the incident beam in relation to the iodine-rich medium and cell layer, the monolayer was irradiated from below, i.e. the X-ray beam passed through the bottom of the dish and the cells before traversing the overlying layer of medium (2 mm deep). The dose-rate for this irradiation was 1.81 cGy min" 1 .The experiment was repeated with photons from a cobalt-60 source (1.25 MeV) to confirm that there is little enhancement at this energy where photoelectric absorption is minimal. In this case, cells were irradiated from above at a dose-r...

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“…This is important because the presence of contrast agent (vs. no contrast agent at all) has been reported to increase the radiationinduced double-strand breaks by about 30% in chest CT [51]. This may be a result of the fact that contrast enhancement in X-ray imaging is physically always linked with the emission of secondary radiation [52]. Nevertheless, the difference in contrast agent amount was small.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 96%