The loading of tissue with iodine can result in the enhancement of the radiation dose absorbed from low-energy x-ray or gamma ray sources. We have explored the potential of this phenomenon for radiation therapy. We have demonstrated the effect of iodine concentration and radiation quality on this dose enhancement in lymphocytes, we have calculated the effect of such enhancement on depth dose distributions in the brain, we have estimated the iodine content in two human brain tumors during computerized tomography (CT) scans, we have studied the dispersion of the iodine contrast media after direct injection into rabbit tumors, and we have demonstrated that the combination of x-ray and contrast media injection is far more effective than either agent alone in causing the regression of mouse tumors. These results suggest that there may be a therapeutic advantage from loading tumors with iodine and treating them with low-energy photons.
Measurements of chromosome aberrations or micronuclei in lymphocytes obtained from 7 patients indicate that angiocardiography produced chromosome damage corresponding to an average absorbed dose of about 50 rads. This is an order of magnitude larger than was estimated from the exposure rate. Experiments on lymphocytes suspended in solutions of methylglucamine and sodium diatrizoate (Renografin) or sodium diatrizoate alone (Hypaque) indicate that the chromosome damage observed in the patients is due in larger part to two effects: (a) an increased absorption of x rays as compared to blood and (b) a breakage of chromosomes even in the absence of x rays.
Sup&. , I n s t i t u t e o f Human E l u t r i t l o n , New York C i t y .13!lere ; u s b e e n r e c e n t i n t e r e s t i n t h e t h e s i s t h a t t i l e a f f e c t s o f e a r l y ~n a l r~u t r i t i o n c a n b e r e v e r s e d i n c h i l d r e n who a r e s u b s e q u e n t l y r a i s e d In a n " e n r i c h e d " were e v a l u a t e d b e t w e e n a g e s 6 a n d 1 2 . R e s u l t s demons t r a t e d t h a t i n t h o s e a d o p t e d b e f o r e a E e two t h e 1.9. e~ivix.onn~e:lt. 'Po t e s t t h i s p o s s i b i l i t y we e x a m i n e d t h e r e c o r d s o f a c o h o r t o f K o r e a n c h i l d r e n , s e v e r e l y m a ln o u r i s h e d (SM), m o d e r a t e l y n o u r i s h e d (MN),o f t h e Si.1 a v e r a g e d 1 0 2 , t h a t o f WN, 1 1 2 , w i t h t h e ?IN i n b e t w e e n . :'ieasurement o f s c h o o l p e r f o r m a n c e showed a s i m i l a r p a t t e r n ( s t a n i n e 5 -Si4; 5 -m; 6 -WN. I n t h o s e c h i l d r e n n o t a d o p t e d u n t i l t h e y w e r e beyond two y e a r s o f a g e , I . Q . a n d a c h i e v e m e n t was r e d u c e d i n a l l g r o u p s s o t h a t t h e m a l n o u r i s h e d c h i l d r e n f e l l s i g n if i c a n t l y b e l o w A m e r i c a n norms ( s t a n i n e 4.51.. An i l l v e r s e r e l a t i o n s h i p b e t w e e n h e i g h t , 1.9. o r a c h i e v ement a n d t i m e o f a d o p t i o n was n o t e d . T h e s e d a t a demols t r a t e t h a t a l t h o u g h c e r t a i n d i f f e r e n c e s may p e r s i s t b e t w e e n p r e v i o u s l y m a l n o u r i s h e d a n d well n o u r i s h e d c h i l d r e n , t i m e o f a d o p t i o n i s e x t r e m e l y i m p o r t a n t i n d e t e r m i n i n g t h e m a g n i t u d e o f t h e s e c h a n g e s . To f a c i l i t a t e increased u t i l i t y of a 16 bed NICU Unit, we adopted a policy of e a r l y discharge (ED) of i n f a n t s c2000 gm following recovery from acute i l l n e s s . Once the i n f a n t was out of 02 and o r a l feeding s t a r t e d , i n f a n t was r e t r a n s f e r r e d t o the h o s p i t a l of b i r t h . An inservice teaching program a t primary hosp i t a l s preceded such policy. In a 12 month period 273 i n f a n t s were referred t o NICU. 72/243 died; 171 i n f a n t s survived. 62/171 were i n f a n t s 42000 gm a t b i r t h . 50% (32/62) of them were ED t o t h e primary h o s p i t a l ; 49% were discharged l a t e (LD) from NICU. Final Weight a t diecharge from h o s p i t a l s was the same in both groups. ~a t a shows t h a t length of NICU s t a y f o r LD was significantly high. (P ~0 0 1 ) . This leada t o sig?ificantly high c o s t per p a t i e n t i n LD than i n E D ($10,000 vs $5,000). Based on 100% occupancy of 16 beds and average length of s t a y of 16 days, only 365 i n f a n t s could be admitted i n a year. Actual admiss i o n s t o our u n i t during t h i s period was 435, a 16% increase i n bed u t i l i z a t i o n . W e conclude ED of i n f a n t s from NICU increases 1: u t...
Physiological concentrations of linoleate reduce the frequency of micronuclei and chromosome aberrations in mouse bone marrow cells in vivo and of micronuclei in human lymphocytes in vitro when administered one hour after exposure of the cells to gamma rays.
O chumbo é um dos elementos mais abundantes da natureza. Atualmente o chumbo é muito utilizado na manufatura de baterias, latão e bronze, radiadores, soldas, cabos, tintas, corantes, cerâmicas, munição, entre IntroduçãoO saturnismo é a intoxicação pelo chumbo e está na maioria das vezes relacionado à atividade profissional. A exposição ocupacional ao chumbo ocorre principalmente na produção de baterias e em outras atividades como fundição, solda, fabricação de cerâmica, uso de tintas que contêm chumbo, mineração, entre outras. 1 Esta intoxicação tem diminuído em países desenvolvidos, porém, em países em desenvolvimento continua a incidência de várias anormalidades associadas ao metal. Este metal pode penetrar o organismo através da inalação (ar atmosférico), ingestão (água, alimentos e solo contaminados) e por via dérmica. As principais manifestações clínicas pela exposição ao chumbo são gastrintestinais, renais, reprodutivas, hematológicas, neurológi-cas e carcinogênicas. 4 Além disso, estudos demonstram que essa exposição está associada a danos cromossômicos. 3,5,6 No Brasil, uma das principais formas de exposição e contaminação pelo chumbo é a atividade de reciclagem de baterias automotivas. Na maioria das vezes, o processo se dá em pequenas indústrias, sem a devida proteção aos trabalhadores.
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