SummaryThe quality of meat is a multifactorial parameter dependent on the perspective and goals of the link in the production chain. Generally, a variety of factors directly or indirectly affect the quality characteristics of meat and, therefore, the value of meat products. Often, the literature divides the interfering factors into intrinsic and extrinsic. Intrinsic factors are related to animals; therefore, intrinsic factors are less variable. These factors include breed, sex, age, weight, genes, and type of muscle fiber. Some of these factors are not well studied, others have variable influence or are controversial and only a few are known and sometimes controlled. Thus, this study aimed to review some intrinsic factors that influence the quality of lamb meat. Keywords: cooking losses, meat color, tenderness, water holding capacity. ResumenLa calidad de la carne es un parámetro multifactorial que depende de la perspectiva y los objetivos del eslabón de la cadena de producción. En general, una amplia variedad de factores afectan directa o indirectamente la calidad de la carne y, en consecuencia, los valores de los productos cárnicos. A menudo, la literatura divide los factores que interfieren intrínseca y extrínsecamente. Los factores intrínsecos están relacionados con los animales, por lo tanto, son menos variable. Estos factores incluyen la raza, el género, la edad, el peso, los genes y ResumoA qualidade da carne é um parâmetro multifatorial, dependente da perspectiva e objetivos do elo da cadeia produtiva. Geralmente, uma grande variedade de fatores afetam direta ou indiretamente as características de qualidade da carne e, consequentemente, os valores dos produtos cárneos. Frequentemente, a literatura divide os fatores interferentes em intrínsecos e extrínsecos. Os fatores intrínsecos são referentes ao animal e, portanto, menos variáveis. Esses fatores incluem raça, sexo, idade, peso, genes e tipo de fibras musculares. Alguns desses fatores não estão bem estudados, outros têm influência variável ou controvertida e somente alguns são conhecidos e, às vezes, controlados. Dessa forma, objetivou-se revisar alguns fatores intrínsecos que influenciam na qualidade da carne ovina.Palavras chave: capacidade de retenção de água, cor da carne, maciez da carne, perdas por cocção.
RESUMODevido aos prejuízos causados pela mastite subclínica na perda de produção e qualidade do leite, o presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar a correlação existente entre a contagem de células somáticas (CCS) e a composição química do leite cru resfriado coletado na região agreste do estado do Rio Grande do Norte nos períodos de seca e chuva. As amostras foram coletadas em sete propriedades leiteiras no período da manhã, entre janeiro de 2010 e março de 2012, e encaminhadas ao Laboratório da Rede Brasileira de Qualidade do Leite (ESALQ/USP). Foram determinados os teores de proteína, gordura, lactose, caseína, sólidos totais, extrato seco desengordurado e nitrogênio ureico, além da CCS e bacteriana total. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, análise de correlação e teste de comparação de médias (Tukey a 5%). A CCS média foi de 604 mil células/mL, com variação significativa para o período seco (558 mil células/mL) e chuvoso (650 mil células/mL). A CCS correlacionou-se positivamente com os teores de gordura e sólidos totais e negativamente com os teores de lactose do leite bovino armazenado em tanque de resfriamento, independente do período, no agreste do Rio Grande do Norte.Palavras-chave: lactose; proteína do leite; qualidade do leite; sistema de produção; mastite.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the replacement of Tifton 85 hay (Cynodon spp.) by maniçoba hay or silage (Manihot glaziovii Muell. Arg) on sheep intake and performance. Twenty-four male Santa Ines animals were used, with initial body weight of 19.77 ± 1.95 kg and average age of 160 days. The animals were distributed in three treatments (Tifton 85 hay-TH, Maniçoba hay-MH and Maniçoba silage-MS), arranged in a randomized blocks design, with 8 replicates per treatment. The feedlot period lasted for 71 days. The means of the variables were tested by Tukey’s test at 5% probability. Sheep fed MH presented higher dry matter intake (p > 0.05) than those fed TH (1.17 kg day-1 vs 1.06 kg day-1). Neutral detergent fiber intake was higher (p > 0.05) for MH-fed sheep (0.394 kg day-1) when compared to MS (0.340 kg day-1). The digestibility of total carbohydrates was higher (p > 0.05) for MH diet (0.71 g kg-1) than TH (0.67 g kg-1). The average daily gain and body weight at slaughter did not differ (p > 0.05) among treatments. Maniçoba hay or silage can replace Tifton 85 hay in sheep diets.
The objective of this study was to correlate the gender and behavior of consumers of organic foods enriched with functional properties. The study was carried out by investigating the profile of organic and functional food consumers through the application of a questionnaire. A total of 1230 responses (of the questionnaire) were collected from people from all Brazilian states through social networks and e-mails following the snowball technique during the months of February and March 2017. The results showed that women expressed greater interest in consuming organic foods enriched with functional properties compared to men. Men and women agree that organic food are produced in a sustainable. Their high price, difficult access, irregular supply and availability in few establishments were highlighted as the main limiting factors for not consuming organic food, while an increased motivation (of consumption) was related to the awareness that organic foods are healthier and can improve quality of life. Fruits and vegetables are the most consumed organic foods among men and women, however women consume more functional foods than men. Thus, there are few differences in behavior and eating habits of organic foods between men and women.
The use of cactus is an alternative for sustainable production systems in Northeast Brazil. The objective of this research was to evaluate the influence of supplying five cacti species from the Brazilian semi-arid northeast region on the physical-chemical sensory characteristics and the profile of fatty acids of Saanen goat milk. Five multiparous goats were used, confined, and distributed in a Latin square 5 × 5 design, with five experimental diets and five periods. Treatments consisted of 473 to 501 g/kg of a cactaceous mix (Pilosocereus gounellei, Cereus jamacaru, Cereus squamosus, Nopalea cochenillifera, or Opuntia stricta) added to 187.8 to 197.9 g/kg of "Sabiá" (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia) hay and 311 to 329 g/kg of concentrate. No effects of experimental diets (P > 0.05) were evidenced in the physical and chemical composition of milk for fat, total solids, or salt levels. However, protein, lactose, solids-not-fat levels, and cryoscopy point were influenced by diet (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the profile of fatty acids between treatments for all acids found, except for butyric acid. Diets also did not (P > 0.05) confer sensory changes in milk characteristics. The use of the native cacti in the dairy goats' diet did not influence the sensory characteristics or lipid profile of milk.
ResumoObjetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar indicadores da qualidade do leite cru de tanques de expansão em dois períodos do ano (seco e chuvoso) na região agreste do estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Para isso, foram coletadas amostras de leite cru diretamente do tanque de expansão de oito propriedades no período de janeiro de 2010 a março de 2012. Os índices mensais médios de precipitação foram coletados do banco de dados da Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Rio Grande do Norte. As amostras foram analisadas quanto à composição, contagem de células somáticas (CCS) e contagem bacteriana total (CBT). A composição do leite não foi influenciada pela estação do ano (P>0,05) e apresentou médias de 3,53% para gordura, 3,30% para proteína e 12,19% para estrato seco total. Apesar do aumento na precipitação (P<0,05), não houve influencia da estação do ano (P>0,05) sobre os valores de CCS e CBT do leite nos tanques de expansão. A contagem bacteriana total variou de 795 a 505 mil UFC/mL de leite para o período seco e chuvoso, respectivamente. A estação do ano não influenciou na composição, CCS e CBT do leite bovino armazenado em tanques de expansão no agreste do Rio Grande do Norte.Palavras-chave: composição do leite, contagem bacteriana total, estação do ano AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate indicators of the quality of raw milk from bulk tanks in two seasons (dry and rainy ) in the wild in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. For this, we collected samples of raw milk directly from the expansion tank eight properties in the period January 2010 to March 2012. The average monthly rainfall indices were collected from the database of the Agricultural Research Company of Rio Grande do Norte. The samples were analyzed for composition, somatic cell count (SCC) and total bacterial count (TBC). Milk composition was not affected by season (P > 0.05) and showed an average of 3.53% for fat, protein and 3.30% to 12.19% for total dry stratum. Despite the increased precipitation (P <0.05), there was no influence of season (P> 0.05) on the values of the milk SCC and TBC in the expansion tank. The total bacterial count ranged 795-505 mil CFU / ml of milk to the dry and rainy seasons, respectively. The season does not influence the composition, SCC and TBC bovine milk stored in bulk tanks in rural Rio Grande do Norte Keywords: milk composition, total bacterial count, season. IntroduçãoO segmento de produção de leite é um dos mais importantes do Brasil, devido a sua importância sócio econômica. Apesar de gerar divisas, a qualidade da matéria-prima ainda é um grande entrave ao desenvolvimento tecnológico dos laticínios (Borges, 2009).O conhecimento da composição do leite é essencial para a determinação de sua qualidade, pois define diversas propriedades sensoriais e industriais. Os parâmetros de qualidade são cada vez mais utilizados para detecção de falhas nas práticas de manejo, servindo como referência na valorização da matéria-prima (Dürr, 2004). Segundo Fonseca (2012) os parâmetros relacionados com a qualidade higiênica ...
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