<p>Objetivo: Identificar el tiempo requerido de enfermería para el cuidado, la educación, la investigación y la gestión del cuidado y del servicio, a fin de determinar el talento humano necesario para la prestación del cuidado con calidad en un hospital de primer nivel de atención. Método: Estudio descriptivo-transversal realizado con estudiantes de enfermería del último semestre de pregrado. Se aplica el proceso de atención de enfermería (PAE), siguiendo los criterios de la NANDA y la valoración con cada sujeto de cuidado. Desde los diagnósticos y las intervenciones de enfermería se determina el tiempo para el cuidado, se utiliza la técnica de análisis por consenso desde la evidencia para calcular el tiempo para la investigación, la educación, la gestión del cuidado y del servicio. Resultados: Se identifican 182 diagnósticos de enfermería con sus intervenciones y el respectivo tiempo para el cuidado, por paciente y por profesional y auxiliar de enfermería en el servicio de hospitalización. También se evidencia el tiempo para las funciones que el personal de enfermería debe realizar que no son cuidado directo, pero que facilitan el logro de objetivos y ayudan al ideal de un cuidado con calidad y centrado en el sujeto del cuidado. Se elaboran 68 guías de enfermería para la unificación de criterios. Conclusiones: Calcular el talento humano de enfermería debe partir de las necesidades de los sujetos de cuidado en su contexto y de la estimación del tiempo para la gestión del cuidado y del servicio, así como para la educación e investigación.</p>
An approach is undertaken of the concepts and methodologies concerning the planning of the nursing personnel required to respond to the care needs of individuals, families, and groups. Planning is evermore founded on the nature of caring for human beings within the context of life, which endows the existence of the person-patient with sense and significance, as well as the nursing personnel, according to the culture and the social setting in which it is developed. Knowing what and how much personnel is required to offer caregiving has been marked by the calculation of coefficients and time averages to execute activities, the description of the work load that includes studying times and movements, analysis of supply and demand of human resource, mediated by the profession’s regulations in each country and by inquiry within the context of caregiving. However, consensus has not been reached with respect to this process, but it is concluded that it is a policy action that requires regulation, investigation, and group work by nursing to make caregiving visible and legitimate as a public service that maintains life and health and which also favors and mitigates processes of disease and death faced by human beings.
This article displays the results of an investigation about a popular District Health Program in Medellin carried in 2003. Objective: To obtain knowledge of protective processes and deteriorating determinants in the health conditions of 160 users of the program Methodology and materials: The study is descriptive cross-sectionial. It integrates some qualitative and quantitative techniques to explore the conditions of health and the perceptions that users and community actors have in relation to hypertension. Theoretical-methodological elements of critical epidemiology and epidemiological monitoring were applied. Results, discussion: The influence of the socioeconomic and political context in the process health-disease process and the negative impact of the health reform in the prevention programs are stressed. It highlights the valuation of the users regarding the suburban attention centers and the program as encounter and refuge scenario against solitude and paint, the deficiencies of the social support networks and the weak familiar support in the care of the patients. Conclusions: 83% of the users are women of the third age, their majority (85%) belongs to the low layer, but (50%) of them were not tied to any Health Regime. That explains the destructive processes of their health which should be intervened by epidemiological monitoring.
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