Konjac glucomannan has been commercially produced and used as functional food, food additives, food supplements, pharmaceutical and cosmetic, and biomaterials. Despite intensive and advance research at postharvest stage, knowledge on cultivation of konjac plants has been limited. This research covered current issues associated with selecting agronomically the most suitable planting material, shading effects on shoot emergence and growth characteristics, and non-destructive area estimation of the compound leaf in the konjac plants. Planting materials used were 81 true seeds, 81 bulbils and 81 cormels. Results of this study indicated that bulbil was a suitable planting material based on its early shoot emergence and size of above ground organs. Shading at 50 and 70 % exhibited a better performance in time of emergence and growth characteristics than konjac plant fully exposed to sunlight, even though the differences were not statistically significant. Total leaf blade area (LA) of the irregular konjac compound leaf can be accurately (R2 = 0.9932) and consistently estimated using the 0-intercept linear model and the multiplication product of total midrib length and average width of all leaflets (TLM×AWL) is used as predictor. The recommended formula is LA = 0.6761(TLM×AWL). HIGHLIGHTS Shoot emergence in konjac plant was significantly earlier if the true seed was used rather than bulbil and cormel as planting materials Plant grown using cormel and bulbil exhibited larger shoot and corm compared to those grown using true seed Shading at 50 and 70 % increased length of the pseudo-stem, total number of leaflet, and other morphological characters Total midrib length of all leaflets and average of all leaflet width (TLM×AWL) could be used as predictors for accurate LA estimation GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Abstract. The yield of rice crop was highly affected by water availability and drought condition . The effort was done to seek local varieties of rainfed rice which tend to be tolerance to drought condition. This research objective was to seek some local varieties of rainfed rice that tolerance to several drought conditions. This research was conducted at Farm
This study aimed to compare cormels and suckers to determine the better planting material (PM) and to evaluate the effects of morphology-altering treatments on both shoot growth and corm yield in taro plants. The PMs used included cormel (PMC), suckers with two leaves (PMS2) and suckers with four leaves (PMS4). Morphological alteration (MA) treatment included removal of all suckers (MAS), excising the mother plant (MAM), and non-treated control (NMA). Data were collected weekly for non-destructive and at 12, 20, and 28 weeks after planting (WAP) for destructive measurements. Results of this study indicated that the SPAD values were higher in taro plants grown using cormel and morphologically non-altered plants. Removal of all suckers caused the mother plant to increase the number of leaves. The dry weight of the leaf blades, petioles and fibrous roots of the mother plant and the number of suckers decreased after the corm enlargement process took place. Fresh and dry weights of the corm increased at 20 WAP and then slowed down at 28 WAP. The moisture content of corm was relatively constant at 75%. Cormel could form on the fibrous roots and on suckers, but the total wet and dry weights of the cormels were decreased if the suckers were periodically removed. The growth of suckers was very dominant compared to the NMA plant when the mother plant was excised. Meanwhile, if all the suckers were removed, the growth of the mother plant was relatively comparable to that of the NMA plants.
Cultivation of okra on ultisol soils having poor physical, chemical and biological soil properties can be improved by administering a bio-stimulant extract of golden snails and combined with NPK fertilizer. This research objective was to study a combination of bio-stimulant treatment of golden apple snail extract and NPK fertilizer dosage in increasing the growth and yield of okra on ultisol soil. This study used a factorial completely randomized design with two factors. The first factor was Bio-stimulant golden apple snails extract consisting of 4 treatment, and the second factor was levels of NPK fertilizer consisting of 3 treatment. Fertilizers had a significant effect on increasing overall plant growth. The bio-stimulant extracts of golden apple snails contain organic materials that can improve physical properties (increasing aggregation, moisture retention, soil hydraulic conductivity), chemical (increasing soil organic carbon content) and biology (increasing soil microbial biomass). The nutrient content in NPK fertilizers can increase nutrients; the availability of nutrients in the soil is balanced and can be absorbed by plants so that the photosynthesis process in plants can run well and increase on growth and yield of okra. The combination of bio-stimulant extract of golden apple snails of 20 mL/L water and NPK fertilizer of 150 kg/ha (1 g/polybag) had the highest resulted in the average value of growth and yield of okra on the ultisol soils.
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