Beef cattle is a strategic commodity, economically, socially and culturally for the people of Nusa Tenggara Timur and Indonesia. This the study aims to measure the dynamics of the degree of market concentration of beef cattle sales in Kupang, Nusa Tenggara Timur for 2014-2017. The results show the dynamics of the concentration of beef cattle market is relatively moderate, shown by the consignment (CR4 and HHI) that fluctuate in 2014-2017. Fluctuating trends of market concentration indicates horizontal business integration between firms and have implications for price regulation by oligopoly, consequently an inefficient market. This research contributes to market participants and stakeholders, so the government's role in managing the marketing system of beef cattle is more efficient.
Market concentration is an important indicator to see the market structure and level of competition in beef cattle industry. This study used data of farmers and traders from Kupang Regency, ENT Province, Indonesia to see market concentration, namely, Concentration Ratio(CR4), Hirschman-Herfindahl Index(HHI), Hannan-Key index(CPI), Rosenbluth index(IR) and Entropy index(IE). The results showed that the market concentration of beef cattle at the farmers level was categorized as perfect competition markets and market concentration at the level of traders was categorized as the oligopsonistic competition market. The market structure between farmers and traders in ENT made the income received by farmers is always low that is approaching or not even exceeding production costs. Therefore an accurate and transparent market information system is needed in ENT so that farmers are able to have bargaining power so as to obtain fair profits. Even though the income derived from the sale of cattle is low, the beef cattle farmers still survives in their business because they do their business as a job carried out from generation to generation to support their household economy. Beef cattle farming as a way of life is kept to fulfill the social and cultural demands of society in ENT.
Pasar bawang merah melibatkan petani produsen dan beberapa pedagang perantara telah membentuk tingkah laku di pasar. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui struktur dan perilaku pasar bawang merah di Kecamatan Sambi Rampas Kabupaten Manggarai Timur Nusa Tenggara Timur. Sampel responen petani menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Responden pedagang menggunakan snowball sampling. Analisis struktur pasar, mengukur tingkat konsentrasi pasar melitupti pangsa pasar, CR4, HHI, hambatan masuk pasar, pengetahuan pasar dan diferensiasi produk. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, pasar bawang merah berada pada struktur pasar persaingan tidak sempurna yang oligopsoni. Perilaku pasar mengamati mekanisme penetapan harga, cara penjualan, penerapan fungsi pemasaran, memberikan petunjuk bahwa perilaku pasar bawang merah yang dilakuakn dengan sistem penetapan harga di kendalikan oleh pedagang sehingga petani cenderung sebagai price taker sedangkan pedagang sebagai price maker. Disarankan petani produsen perlu membentuk kelompok untuk bekerja sama dalam menjalankan pemasaran bawang merah melalui pendampingan yang difasilitasi oleh pemerintah atau lembagan terkait.
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