No abstract

Not all neonates exposed to heavy prenatal alcohol in utero will exhibit FASD; based on current estimates of predictive value for disease by exposure, our findings suggest that 1.3% of neonates born in PEI during this 1-year period will have FASD. In its application to an entire provincial birth cohort, this study successfully implemented a public health-centred approach for evaluating population-based risk of FASD, with implications for practice across Canada.

The aim of the Leeds Beckett Repository is to provide open access to our research, as required by funder policies and permitted by publishers and copyright law.The Leeds Beckett repository holds a wide range of publications, each of which has been checked for copyright and the relevant embargo period has been applied by the Research Services team.We operate on a standard take-down policy. If you are the author or publisher of an output and you would like it removed from the repository, please contact us and we will investigate on a case-by-case basis.

The Leeds Beckett repository holds a wide range of publications, each of which has been checked for copyright and the relevant embargo period has been applied by the Research Services team. We operate on a standard take-down policy. If you are the author or publisher of an output and you would like it removed from the repository, please contact us and we will investigate on a case-by-case basis.

(1) Background: Traditional foods are important in the diets of Black Africans and Caribbeans and, more widely, influence UK food culture. However, little is known about the nutritional status of these ethnic groups and the nutrient composition of their traditional foods. The aim was to identify and analyse African and Caribbean dishes, snacks and beverages popularly consumed in the UK for energy, macronutrients and micronutrients. (2) Methods: Various approaches including focus group discussions and 24-h dietary recalls were used to identify traditional dishes, snacks, and beverages. Defined criteria were used to prioritise and prepare 33 composite samples for nutrient analysis in a UK accredited laboratory. Quality assurance procedures and data verification were undertaken to ensure inclusion in the UK nutrient database. (3) Results: Energy content ranged from 60 kcal in Malta drink to 619 kcal in the shito sauce. Sucrose levels did not exceed the UK recommendation for adults and children. Most of the dishes contained negligible levels of trans fatty acid. The most abundant minerals were Na, K, Ca, Cu, Mn and Se whereas Mg, P, Fe and Zn were present in small amounts. (4) Conclusion: There was wide variation in the energy, macro- and micronutrients composition of the foods analysed.

No abstract

using an INVOcell device is a more cost-effective treatment for lesbian couples compared to standard dIUI (donor intrauterine insemination) cycles. DESIGN: Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (CEA) MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a cost-effective analysis to determine out-of-pocket costs for lesbian couples in fertility treatment. The mean costs for a vial of donor sperm, shipping, and one-time miscellaneous fees (e.g. 6 months of onsite storage, access to donor profiles) were calculated from pricing information available online from three sperm banks: Xytex, California Cryo Bank, and Seattle Sperm Bank. Note that prices for ART donor sperm vials are less expensive and only one vial of sperm is needed for an IVC cycle; therefore, storage fees were removed from the miscellaneous fees category. A current clinic cost sheet for self-pay patients was utilized to determine the cost of a dIUI cycle and an INVO cycle. Clinic fees for IUI included an average of 1.5 monitoring visits (i.e. follicle scans, blood work), medication, sperm preparation, and the insemination. Fees for an INVO cycle included 2 monitoring visits, oocyte retrieval, insemination, sperm preparation, INVOcell device and embryo transfer. Similarly, fees for subsequent FET (frozen embryo transfer) from an INVO cycle and subsequent dIUI cycles were determined.RESULTS: Results of CEA is listed in the table below. CONCLUSIONS: An IVC cycle requires more upfront money than standard treatment. However, after 3 dIUI cycles, an IVC cycle appears to be a more cost effective option. Two points for consideration is if the IVC cycle is successful, there is a possibility for a subsequent FET cycle. If the IVC cycle is unsuccessful (i.e. fertilization failure, nothing to transfer) patients can move quickly to a more aggressive therapy. More research is needed in the efficacy of IVC treatments when using donor sperm. However, pregnancy rates for dIUI compared to published IVC cycle rates should strongly be considered. Clinicians should evaluate cost-effectiveness along with pregnancy success when treating lesbian couples.Reference: 1.