This research aims to observe the contribution of the cybernetic-based badminton skills diagnostic model (BSDM) instrument design formulation as an effective instrument for achieving good motion analysis. Technical and tactical actions are very decisive in competitive badminton players' terms. The use of cybernetic theory becomes the diagnosing basis and improving skills. Cybernetics regulates a goal-directed self-regulation system based on the stimulus process, and the response that occurs. This study uses the Research & Development method. This process is carried out in four distinct steps: first, review of the scientific literature; second, qualitative and quantitative assessments were carried out by 8 experts in the fields of motion theory, tests and measurements and badminton; third, content validity was estimated using the Aiken V Coefficient; Finally, the intra-observer reliability and inter-observer reliability were tested by two badminton-specific observers using the Kappa Cohen coefficient and the intraclass correlation coefficient. For practicality and effectiveness, testing was carried out on 95 badminton players. Footwork, Execution, Shuttlecock running, and Stroke are used as units of measure by observation instruments in badminton. The data analysis process uses SPSS 25 statistical software. Based on the results, an observation instrument designed to be valid, reliable, and effective to analyze the technical and tactical actions of badminton playing skills. It is possible to analyze players who are lower class and elite class. The result of the flagship project is to present the instrument design solution of cybernetic-based badminton skills diagnostic model (BSDM).
Research purpose. Football is popular in the society across the world. Everyone always watches football matches. Nowadays, there are many football schools for kids or young athletes. Thus, there is a need for a model of exercise that is appropriate for young athletes. This study aimed to create a model of group defense exercise in a football game. It referred to 13-year-old football school students. It was designed using psychological and physiological characteristics of the 13-year-old. Materials and methods. The study participants were 120 football players aged 12 to 13. The study used a research and development method (R&D) through Borg and Gall model. Data was obtained from observation, interview and questionnaires. Data analysis techniques used expert judgments and three steps from Miles and Huberman, namely reduction of data, display of data, and making conclusions. Results. The findings show that the model of defense exercise in football for a 13-year-old football school player has 13 variations of the exercise. It was created based upon the psychological and physiological characteristics of a young player. Conclusions. The result of the study is a recommendation for teachers or coaches to improve the defense exercise in football as player needs.
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