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Hyaluronated fullerene has strong near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence intensity without labelling with any fluorophores or isotopes. This fullerene allowed high-resolution fluorescent imaging of tumor sites in vivo and resulted in a significant regression of HCT-116 tumors.

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We provide immense insulin absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, combining apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter-mediated intestinal uptake and the lymphatic transport pathway. This strategy has proven to employ chondroitin sulfate- g-taurocholic acid coated, insulin-loaded partially uncapped liposome (IPUL-CST) for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) treatment. The loading efficiency of insulin in IPUL-CST increased significantly from 33% to 75% via the partially uncapped liposome preparation method. Moreover, the IPUL-CST revealed an improved insulin protection efficacy in GIT simulated pH and digestive enzyme conditions. The high dose of IPUL-CST in the small intestine was detected 4 h post-oral administration using ex vivo optical imaging and fluorescence intensity. The IPUL-CST exhibited significantly enhanced intestinal absorption (oral bioavailability, 34%; T, 9 h) and reduced blood glucose levels for 16 h in T1DM. The results demonstrated that the new investigated IPUL-CST is a promising carrier for oral insulin delivery.

In this study, we introduced photolabile 4-(4-(1-hydroxyethyl)-2-methoxy-5-nitrophenoxy)butyric acid (HMNB) to prepare photoresponsive nanogels. Hyaluronate (HA) grafted with 4-(4-(1-hydroxyethyl)-2-methoxy-5-nitrophenoxy) butyric acid (HA-g-HMNB) was self organized in aqueous solution. Interestingly, HA-g-HMNB nanogels exhibited caging and photo-uncaging properties for an encapsulated antitumor drug. Photoactivation allowed accelerated antitumor drug release from uncaged nanogels. We found a significant improvement in KB tumor-cell-killing efficacy when this system was associated with local light irradiation.

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Bringing it all together: Synthesis of a dimeric micelle (see scheme) is shown to produce specifically linked Janus-like micelles. The reaction conditions for dimeric micelle formation were optimized and the resulting micelles characterized. Trimeric, tetrameric, and multimeric micelles were also synthesized using the same technique.