The structural and magnetic properties of ferromagnetic nanotubes fabricated by a low cost electrodeposition method are investigated. The fabrication of various elemental ferromagnetic materials are described, such as Fe, Co, and Ni, and ferromagnetic alloys, such as NiFe, CoPt, CoFeB, and CoCrPt nanotube arrays, in aluminum oxide templates and polycarbonate membranes with different diameters, wall thicknesses, and lengths. The structural, magnetic, and magnetization reversal properties of these nanotubes are investigated as a function of the geometrical parameters. The angular dependence of the coercivity indicates a transition from the curling to the coherent mode for the ferromagnetic nanotubes. The results show that nanotube fabrication allows the outer and inner diameter, length, and thickness of the nanotubes to be tuned systematically. The magnetization processes of ferromagnetic nanotubes are influenced by the wall thickness.
IFN regulatory factor (IRF)-1 and IRF-2 are generally regarded as a tumor suppressor and an oncoprotein, respectively. However, little is known about their expression and function in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC). In our present work, IRF-1 expression was decreased and IRF-2 expression was increased in ESCCs compared with matched normal esophageal tissues. Moreover, statistical data indicated that IRF-2 expression was tightly correlated with progression of ESCCs. As expected, overexpression of either IRF-1 or IRF-2 in an ESCC cell line resulted in either suppression or enhancement of cell growth, respectively. Also, proliferationand apoptosis-related molecules (p21 WAF1/CIP1 , cyclin-D1, Bcl-2, and histone H4) were regulated by IRF-1 and IRF-2.
Cilia loss is common in cancer, and its roles remain unknown. Deng et al. show that cilia loss sensitizes cells to transformation by activating a mevalonate pathway through β-catenin–TCF signaling. The mevalonate pathway inhibitor statin blocks the progression of pancreatic cancer.
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