This paper assesses the determinants of innovation activities in
Z d e n k o B a b i ćPravni fakultet u Zagrebu Studijski centar socijalnog rada zbabic@pravo.hr Mreža znanja d.o.o. domagoj.racic@mrezaznanja.hr SAŽETAK Premda zadrugarstvo i socijalna ekonomija u Hrvatskoj imaju dugu povijest, razdoblja socijalizma i tranzicije ostavila su negativan trag na njihov razvoj. Na temelju provedene analize ključnih pokazatelja poslovanja zadruga u Hrvatskoj, rad pruža ocjenu trenutnog stanja u ovom sektoru hrvatskog gospodarstva. Također, donosi se prikaz stanja i najnovijih tendencija u ovom području u zemljama iz europskog okruženja. Uporabom komparativne analize stanja sektora zadrugarstva i socijalne ekonomije u Hrvatskoj i europskim zemljama ocjenjuju se razvojni potencijali i iznose preporuke za nositelje ekonomske i socijalne politike s ciljem optimalizacije razvoja ovog sektora u Hrvatskoj u budućnosti. D o m a g o j R a č i ćKljučne riječi: zadrugarstvo, socijalna ekonomija, Hrvatska UvodIako zadrugarstvo i socijalna ekonomija u Hrvatskoj imaju dugu povijest, razdoblja socijalizma i tranzicije ostavila su negativan trag na njihov razvoj. U ovom članku daje se uvid u trenutno stanje zadrugarstva u Hrvatskoj te usporedba tendencija u ovom sektoru gospodarstva sa zemljama iz europskog okruženja. Iz usporedbe i ocjene sadašnjeg stanja sektora u Hrvatskoj i Europi prikazuju se i potencijali za razvoj ovog sektora u Hrvatskoj u budućnosti.Uloga zadruge je da posluje kao "produžena ruka" njezinih članova, odnosno pomoćni pogon članova koji sa svojih gospodarskih jedinica prenose određene gospodarske funkcije, kao što su nabava, prodaja ili prerada, na zadrugu. Suvremene DOI 10.5673/sip.49.3.2 UDK: 334.732(497.5 ) Pregledni radCopyright © 2011 Institut za društvena istraživanja u Zagrebu -Institute for Social Research in Zagreb Sva prava pridržana -All rights reserved 288 S o c i o l o g i j a i p r o s t o rSociologija i prostor, 49 (2011) 191 (3): 287-311 zadruge sa svojim članovima sklapaju poslove (npr. otkup proizvoda), a s druge strane nastupaju na tržištu i sklapaju poslove s trećim osobama. Zadruge osim navedenog prerađuju i trećim osobama prodaju proizvode preuzete od članova (Avsec, 2005.). Upravo po suradnji s članovima zadruge, ona se razlikuje od druš-tva kapitala koje u pravilu ne uspostavlja poslovne odnose sa svojim članovima, a katkad su ti odnosi čak i zabranjeni.Zadruge imaju značajan potencijal kao instrument socio-ekonomske reintegracije.One ne mogu dati sveobuhvatno rješenje socijalnih i ekonomskih problema tranzicijskog gospodarstva, ali mogu imati značajnu ulogu u povećanju zaposlenosti i životnog standarda skupina s niskim prihodima te jačanju obnove i razvoja zajednice (Borzaga i Spear, 2004.:186).Stvaranje zadruga smanjuje zapreke koje ograničavaju manje zajednice i poslovne subjekte. Članovi zadruga udruživanjem postaju dovoljno veliki da mogu nastupiti na novom, većem ili čak međunarodnom tržištu. Zadruge svojim djelovanjem članovima mogu smanjiti transakcijske troškove ili povećati dobit kroz ostvarivanje veće prodaje, snižavanje troškova nabave...
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This paper provides an analysis of the practical implications of the concept of solidarity economy and the elements of public policies that affect the solidarity economy in Croatia. In a broader sense, solidarity is a common component of economic behaviour. In a narrower sense, solidarity refers to a set of economic practices that meet the criteria of balancing economic, social and environmental sustainability, joint ownership and participatory governance. Solidarity economy supports the construction and maintenance of common economic goods, which may occur within legal entities, as well as in contractual relations or informal cooperation. Solidarity economy is close to the concept of social economy, and significantly different from collaborative (sharing) economy. Public policies that encourage solidarity-based economic practices have their origins in the welfare state regime and the level of solidarity in society, which is followed by ideologies, strategies and activities of political and economic actors. The social contributions of the solidarity economy and the risks to which it is exposed justify state intervention in this area, which can be reflected in regulation and institutional, financial and tax support to its actors and processes. Public policies in Croatia generally do not recognise the importance of the social and solidarity economy and its actors, such as cooperatives and social enterprises. Although the recognition of possible contributions of the social and solidarity economy to society and the economy in Croatia is growing, the incentive framework is incomplete and insufficient, which is reflected in the results and future prospects of this sector. Key words: solidarity, solidarity economy, public policy, cooperatives, social enterprises.
Izvorni znanstveni rad Primljeno: 24. 7. 2015. Authors undertake the analysis of border disputes between Slovenia and Croatia as an example of socioeconomic processes typical of the European semi-periphery. The disputes over territorial claims and the acquisitions of Slovenian companies by their Croatian competitors are viewed as complementary processes of claiming and crossing borders, which are based on different notions of (national) sovereignty. The idea of sovereignty as control over territory is transformed and complemented into the notion of sovereignty as national ownership and control over economic assets. Cross-border takeover is thus interpreted as losing sovereignty over the national economy. The dispute over territorial claims has been since 2009 gradually replaced by media-covered business and financial transactions between major national companies (e.g. the case of Agrokor and Mercator). At the same time, borders are circumvented by wider processes of market consolidation and capital accumulation to which EU integration served as a facilitator. This places the issue of physical borders and territorial sovereignty as well as economic sovereignty largely into the symbolic arena.
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