Internet is well known nowadays, however higher distance education students who live in remote rural areas still have not been able to take advantages of this medium optimally for their learning process. For accessing the internet the students have to be available with the minimum prerequisites: the existence of adequate devices and the sufficient capabilities. For education purposes, the students use the internet to meet their information and fulfill learning needs, facilitate interpersonal communications, and provide groups of discussion, as well as to be connected with friends in social media. This study aims to analyze the relationship between internet access and usage in improving students' self-directed learning which is using structural equation model method. The survey is conducted in seven districts in Surakarta Regional Office of Indonesia Open University with a sample size of 320 respondents. The result shows that the internet usage is still low due to limited internet facilities that affect the knowledge and willingness of students to access the internet. The strategy in improving student internet usage is applying social media as guidance that can be accessed through cellular phones.

Pembangunan pertanian belum menciptakan petani yang berdaya. Sebagian besar petani Indonesia adalah petani kecil yang pendapatan rendah, sehingga tergolong penduduk miskin. Kondisi ini menyebabkan ketidaktahanan pangan pada sebagian besar keluarga petani. Penelitian bermaksud untuk merumuskan strategi peningkatan keberdayaan petani kecil menuju ketahanan pangan. Data dikumpulkan pada Bulan Maret-Mei 2012 menggunakan metode: observasi, wawancara dan focus group discussion. Analisis data menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan structural equation modeling (SEM). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: (1) Keberdayaan petani kecil berada pada kategori rendah, dipengaruhi oleh lemahnya faktor-faktor: kualitas penyelenggaraan program, peran agen (pendamping/penyuluh/petugas), akses dan dukungan lingkungan, karakteristik petani kecil dan ketepatan proses pembelajaran. (2) Karakteristik petani dan keberdayaan petani kecil yang tergolong rendah berpengaruh terhadap rendahnya ketahanan pangan keluarga petani kecil. Strategi peningkatan keberdayaan untuk meningkatkan ketahanan pangan petani kecil melalui upaya perbaikan: kualitas penyelenggaraan program, peran pendamping, akses dan dukungan lingkungan, karakteristik petani kecil dan proses pembelajaran petani kecil. Kata kunci: pemberdayaan, keberdayaan, petani kecil, ketahanan pangan STRATEGY EMPOWERMENT TOWARDS SMALLHOLDERS FOOD SECURITY ABSTRACT. Agricultural development has not created an empowered farmer. Most of the farmers in Indonesia are the peasants who have low incomes, so that they are inclue the poor. This condition causes food insecurity in most of the peasant families. The research intended to formulate strategy to increase ability of the peasants towards food security. The data were collected started on March-May 2012 using some methods: observation, interview and focus group discussion. Data has analyzed by using descriptively and structural equation modelling. The research results showed that: (1) The ability of the peasants is low, due to weak factors: quality of program implementation, the role of agents of development (facilitators/program official/extension officers), access and environment support, the peasants characteristics and The learning process of the peasants (2) The characteristics of the peasants and the peasants ability at low category affect low food security of the peasant families. (3) Strategy to improve the ability of the peasants by optimizing efforts: the implementation of the program, increasing the role and competence agents of development, increasing access and support environment, improving the characteristics of the peasatns and increasing the peasants learning process.

rimary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a calcium metabolism disorder caused by overproduction of parathyroid hormone (PTH) by the parathyroid glands. 1,2 It is characterized with elevated serum calcium and alkaline phosphatase and low phosphorus levels. 3 In symptomatic patients , dysfunction of CNS, peripheral nerves and/or muscles, gastrointes-tinal tract and/or joints may occur. 4 Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci 2010;30(4) 1425 Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A Rare Cause of Spinal Cord Compression: Differential Diagnosis A AB BS S T TR RA AC CT T A 66-ye ar-old wo man was ad mit ted to our hos pi tal with dif fi culty in wal king. Mag-ne tic re so nan ce ima ging re ve a led mass le si ons at T2-T3 ver teb rae causing de vi a ti on of the spi nal cord. The positron emission tomography (PET) scan of the body sho wed a hyper me ta bo lic sta te in the right ma xil lary si nus and mul tip le me tas ta tic le si ons in the ske le tal system in di ca ting a me tas-ta tic tu mor of uni den ti fi ed ori gin. The pa ti ent was ope ra ted im me di a tely for cord com pres si on that co uld le ad to a ne u ro lo gi cal problem. Pat ho lo gi cal exa mi na ti on of the ope ra ti on spe ci men was con-sis tent with a gi ant cell tu mor. The pa ti ent's se rum cal ci um le vel was ele va ted (11.6 mg/dL; re fe-ren ce li mits: 8.5-10.5) and phosp ho rus le vel was be low the nor mal ran ges. Parathyroid hormone was ex tre mely high; 2097 pg/mL (re fe ren ce li mits: 15-65 pg/mL). So nog rap hic exa mi na ti on of the neck re ve a led mul ti no du lar go i ter and a le si on at the in fe ri or re gi on of the right thyro id lo be sug ges ting a pa rath yro id ade no ma. Ske le tal X-rays sug ges ted Brown tu mors of long bo nes. The ca se was di ag-no sed as pri mary hyper pa rath yro i dism and was re fer red for pa rath yro i dec tomy. K Ke ey y W Wo or rd ds s: : Hyper pa rath yro i dism, pri mary; spi nal cord com pres si on; hyper cal ce mi a, gi ant cell tu mors Ö ÖZ ZE ET T 66 ya şın da ba yan has ta has ta ne mi ze yü rü me de zor lan ma ya kın ma sı ile ya tı rıl dı. Çe ki len manyetik rezonans gö rün tü le me sin de T2-3 omur lar se vi ye sin de kit le lez yon la rı iz len di. Bu lez yon-lar spi nal kord üze rin de de vi as yo na se bep ol mak tay dı. Ya pı lan pozitron emisyon tomografi (PET) gö rün tü le me de sağ mak sil ler si nüs te hi per me ta bo lik ak ti vi te ve is ke let sis te min de ise çok odak lı me tas ta tik lez yon lar tes pit edil di. Bul gu lar oda ğı bi lin me yen bir tü mör me tas ta zı nı dü şün dür mek-tey di. Si nir do ku su ba sı sı nın nö ro lo jik se kel ge liş tir me ris ki ne de niy le has ta aci len ame li yat edil di. Ope ras yon ma ter ya li nin pa to lo jik in ce le me si dev hüc re li tü mör ile uyum luy du. Has ta nın se rum kal si yum dü zey le ri (11.6 mg/dL; nor mal sı nır: 8.5-10.5 mg/dL) yük sel miş, fos for dü zey le ri ise azal-mış ola rak bu lun du. Paratiroid hormon dü ze yi (2097 pg/mL; nor mal sı nır: 15-65 pg/mL) çok yük-sek ti. So nog ra fik in ce le me sin de mul ti no du ...

<p>ABSTRACT<br />The shifting local cultural values often become a discourse in discussing the effects of globalization influx. But in Minangkabau these concerns can still be ruled out, thanks to the power of ‘study to nature’ philosophy. This is a custom rule that should not be changed. This study raises the popularity of the Hofstede’s concept and uses the six cultural dimensions to map out the differences in parental characteristics based on rural versus semi-urban areas, family typology and life experiences. It also analyzes the response of adolescents towards culture inheritance based on their birthplace. This quantitative study uses a simple summation operation with 106 sample respondents. Each respondent is a family unit consisting of a father, a mother, and adolescent(s) aged 10-19 years. The low score of LTO indicates that the inheritance of Minangkabau cultural values has been going on for some time by parents to their teenagers. Low UAI and IVR scores do not conflict with Minangkabau cultural tenet, although according to Hofstede this condition needs a revamping. Supposedly the value of matrilineal culture is taught by a Minang mother and her brother. However, anomalies were found in non-Minang father and Minang mother (nMF+MM) due to the absence of the mother’s brother in educating his nephew.<br />Keywords: Hofstede’s six cultural dimensions, core value, cultural inheritance</p><p><br />ABSTRAK<br />Peristiwa pergeseran nilai budaya lokal sering menjadi wacana dalam membahas akibat dari masuknya pengaruh globalisasi. Namun di Minangkabau kekuatiran ini masih bisa dikesampingkan berkat kekuatan dari penerapan filosofi berguru pada alam. Ini merupakan aturan adat yang tidak boleh berubah. Penelitian ini mengangkat kembali kepopuleran konsep Hofstede dan menggunakan keenam dimensi budayanya untuk memetakan perbedaan karakteristik orang tua berdasarkan daerah tempat tinggal, tipologi keluarga dan pengalaman. Penelitian juga menganalisis respon remaja terhadap pewarisan budaya berdasarkan tempat lahirnya. Penelitian kuantitatif ini menggunakan operasi penjumlahan sederhana dengan 106 sampel responden. Masing-masing responden merupakan satu unit keluarga yang terdiri dari ayah, ibu, dan remaja berusia 10-19 tahun. Ukuran LTO yang rendah merupakan indikator telah berjalannya upaya pewarisan nilai budaya Minangkabau selama beberapa saat oleh orang tua kepada anak remajanya. Namun skor UAI dan IVR yang rendah tidak bertentangan dengan ajaran budaya Minangkabau, meskipun menurut Hofstede kondisi ini memerlukan pembenahan. Seharusnya nilai budaya matrilineal diajarkan oleh seorang ibu Minang dan saudara laki-lakinya. Namun ditemukan anomali pada keluarga ayah non-Minang dan ibu Minang (AnM+IM) karena terjadi kevakuman peran dari saudara laki-laki ibu dalam mendidik keponakannya.<br />Kata kunci: keenam dimensi budaya Hofstede, nilai inti, pewarisan budaya</p>

This paper aims to analyze the high quality of agricultural human capital and social indicators in improving the performance of national development and to formulate their communication patterns to support capacity building of human and social capital of agriculture in every line of agricultural development. The lack of agricultural human capital and social capital capacity is one of the constraints causing the accessibility limitation for Indonesian agriculture to face the global competition. The low farmer's education attainment has caused a low capacity of farmers to manage information and to adopt new technology resulting the low products quality. At the extension level, the shortage number and quality of the extension workers has also contributed to that situation. Beside low of basic capability, most of the extension workers do not have adequate mental capacity, especially related to integrity, communication skills, and moral and ethical capacity. At the policy maker's level, many local government institutions have no capacity to mapping agricultural resources along with their capability to make use of the available resources. With the high technical ability, agricultural human resource as a capital resource and as a social resource should have shared values and rules that expressed through personal relationships, trust, and common sense about the community responsibilities. To strengthen agricultural sector In supporting national development, agricultural sector need appropriate communication patterns for agricultural human resource improvement at each level of agricultural development. Such communication pattern should be based on the convergent-interaction communication through knowledge sharing model. This model is appropriate for both agricultural personnel and for farmers. Through active role of various institutions within the Ministry of Agriculture and with the help of modern information technology, a network to reach farmers could be achieved. The extension workers or village facilitators are required in the development of agricultural community because of its important function as problem analyst, group supervisor, trainers, innovators, and liaison officers. Key words: communication patterns, human capital, social capital, agricultural resources, agricultural development, capacity building of agricultural human resources. ABSTRAKTulisan ini ditujukan untuk menganalisis indikator modal manusia dan sosial pertanian yang berkualitas dalam meningkatkan kinerja pembangunan nasional, dan merumuskan pola komunikasi untuk mendukung peningkatan kapasitas modal manusia dan sosial pertanian di setiap lini pembangunan pertanian. Keterbatasan kapasitas modal manusia dan sosial pertanian merupakan salah satu penyebab kurang mampunya pertanian Indonesia dalam menghadapi persaingan global. Rendahnya tingkat pendidikan petani menyebabkan kemampuan dalam mengolah informasi dan mengadopsi teknologi relatif sangat terbatas sehingga menghasilkan produk yang berkualitas rendah. Pada tingkat penyuluh, ketersedi...