In this study, we made an effort to evaluate the possible protective actions of melatonin on cisplatin-induced oxidative damage in mice brain homogenate and genotoxic effects in human lymphocytes under in vitro conditions. The tissue homogenate was divided into three parts. The first portion was kept as control treated with dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) (group 1) while the second and third portion were treated with 24 µg/g tissue cisplatin alone (group 2) and 24 µg/g tissue cisplatin in combination with 3 mM melatonin (group 3), respectively. We measured the oxidative stress biomarkers such as lipid peroxidation, 8-hydroxy 2' deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and antioxidant parameters such as reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase in brain homogenate. Likewise peripheral venous blood was collected from healthy donors and human lymphocyte culture was done using karyotyping medium. Cultures were divided into three groups. Group 1 was the control i.e. lymphocytes treated with DMSO 5 µg/mL. In group 2, lymphocytes were treated with 2 µg/mL cisplatin and group 3 with a combination of 2 µg/mL cisplatin and 0.3 mM melatonin. Incubation of tissue homogenates with cisplatin elevated the malondialdehyde and 8-OHdG levels which were then reversed by melatonin. Reduction in antioxidant parameters with respect to corresponding controls were also restored by melatonin treatment. Furthermore, supplementation of melatonin was found to modulate the chromosome damage elicited by cisplatin which was determined using Giemsa (GTG) banding and karyotyping. These findings suggest that melatonin improves the cellular function and helps them to survive in the belligerent environment created by free radicals.
Oxidative stress and genotoxicity induced by intraperitoneally implanted polycaprolactone (PCL) were evaluated in present study. In an effort to assess oxidative stress induced liver injury, we measured hematological indices, biochemical parameters of liver function and levels of oxidative stress biomarkers such as lipid peroxidation (LPO), 8-hydroxy-2'deoxy guanosine (8-OHdG), reduced glutathione(GSH) and glutathione reductase(GR) after three months as well as twelve months of implantation. Another objective of the study was to analyze chromosomal aberrations induced by the extract of polycaprolactone in human peripheral venous blood lymphocytes using GTG banding technique and karyotyping of human chromosomes. No significant changes were displayed by the experimental animals in the hematological parameters. Furthermore, liver function were normal as evidenced by the activities of aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), serum bilirubin, cholesterol, triglyceride and albumin. Oxidative stress statuses were comparable with the control animals after 3 and 12 months of intraperitoneal implantation. Karyotype of human chromosomes were found to be normal indicating the nongenotoxic effects of polycaprolactone. Hence it can be concluded that polycaprolactone used for this study is non-toxic at the molecular level, under the environmental conditions monitored.
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