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Aim : Methodology :Results : Interpretation :Studying genetic diversity is useful for wheat breeding and production of more efficient wheat cultivars under changing climatic conditions. Forty-four diverse bread wheat genotypes were assessed for genetic diversity study using 70 microsatellite (SSRs) markers covering all three genomes.Genomic DNA of 44 genotypes was extracted using CTAB method and quality was checked by UV spectrophotometer and agarose gel electrophoresis. PCR amplification reaction was carried out and amplified products were resolved by horizontal electrophoresis. Bands were scored and matrix was used to calculate the similarity genetic distance. Phenotypic data was subjected to Euclidean cluster analysis for estimation of genetic divergence and grouping of genotypes into clusters.

The nature and magnitude of genetic parameters like components of genetic variance (additive, dominance and epistatic), coefficient of variation, heritability and genetic advance may vary from character to character for the same population, population to population for the same character and environment to environment for the same population and same character. An abiotic stress may be the major cause of such variations. The magnitude of such variation may be relatively much more if there is simultaneous occurrence of two or more abiotic stresses such as drought, salt and heat stress coupled with high seasonal and interannual variability of the environment. High temperature affects wheat crop yield by affecting in different ways including poor germination, reduced photosynthesis, increased leaf senescence and decreased pollen viability, which leads to production of reduced number of effective tillers, number of spikelets per spike, less grains per ear and smaller grain size and consequently, reduction in overall productivity.

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Malnutrition leads to high mortality especially in developing countries. Present study comprised 11 high yielding wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes sown during rabi 2014-15 and 2015-16 and crosses attempted during 2014-15 and sown at Research Field of CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana. Forty nine microsatellite markers linked with identified QTLs for micronutrient were used for the genetic diversity assessment among bread wheat parents their F1s. Out of 49, 38 SSRs were found polymorphic which amplified a total of 76 alleles with an average of 2.00 alleles per locus. The range of amplified PCR products ranged from 100 to 480 bp. Estimates of similarity coefficient among parents and F1s suggest enough divergence and averaged to 0.71. Enough genetic variability was observed for all the 14 agronomic traits in all genotypes. Selection of genotypes from different clusters helps in making proper choice of breeding programme. In the present study, the information generated about genetic diversity will be useful for selection of parents for breeding including gene mapping and ultimately for marker assisted selection (MAS) for micronutrient content improvement worldwide.