ResumoO chá verde e o chá preto são preparados com folhas da mesma planta, Camellia sinensis. O chá preto é responsável por 75% do chá consumido no mundo e o chá verde, por apenas 22%. O chá que era consumido como medicamento, passou a ser do gosto popular devido as suas característica organolépticas. Seus componentes flavonóides e catequinas apresentam uma série de atividades biológicas, antioxidante, quimioprotetora, antiinflamatória e anticarcinogênica. Vários estudos vêm sendo desenvolvidos por pesquisadores em varias regiões do mundo para comprovar estas atividades terapêuticas, objetivando compreender os mecanismos de ação do chá verde. Diante do acima citado, esta revisão tem por finalidade apresentar as varias linhas de pesquisa em andamento e os resultados já obtidos sobre o efeito quimioprotetor/antioxidante do chá verde. Palavras-chave: Camellia sinensis. Chá Verde. Quimioproteção. Flavonóides e catequinas. AbstractGreen and black teas are both prepared with leaves of the same plant, Camellia sinensis. The black tea is responsible for 75% of the total tea consumed worldwide, and the green tea, for 22%. In the beginning, tea was consumed as a medicine; it became popular due to its organoleptic characteristics. Its components, flavonoids and catechins, are considered antioxidant, chemoprotective, anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic. Several studies have been developed in different parts of the world, in order to prove these therapeutic activities and understand their mechanisms. Considering the above mentioned, this revision has the purpose of presenting the several reseach lines in progress and the results obtained so far on the chemoprotective/antioxidant effect of the green tea.
Patients with mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL) show a vigorous T-cell immune response against Leishmania braziliensis. Because the Th response is associated with inflammation, the non-functional CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) may rely in a less severe inflammatory state. The aim of this study was to investigate the CCR5 gene in a Brazilian population with leishmaniasis compared with healthy control subjects and to determine the progression from cutaneous to MCL in the Delta32 allele carriers. Among 100 patients with Montenegro skin test and indirect immunofluorescence assay (IIF) values positive for leishmaniasis, there were 32% women and 68% men. The patients were 89% CCR5/CCR5, 10% CCR5/Delta32, and 1% Delta32/Delta32, while healthy subjects showed a 91% incidence of CCR5/CCR5, 8% of CCR5/Delta32, and 1% of Delta32/Delta32. The CCR5/CCR5 patients (89%) showed a large spectrum of clinical manifestations, where 22.47% had active mucous lesions and 77.53% had cutaneous lesions. In this work, the Delta32 allele carriers (10%) showed only cutaneous manifestations when compared with wild-type individuals. Finally, with regard to the Delta32 allele carriers, a less severe spectrum of clinical manifestations was observed in comparison with wild-type individuals. Although a lack of mucocutaneous lesions was evident among Delta32 allele carriers, the number of individuals studied was small. Therefore, further investigations are needed to elucidate the role of CCR5 in the clinical aspects of leishmaniasis.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the immune response of young dogs experimentally infected with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Six dogs were infected intravenously with P. brasiliensis and one control dog was inoculated with sterile saline. The infected animals were sacrificed in groups of two at 1, 6 and 12 months after infection. During the experimental period, the immune responses of the dogs to the fungus were followed by ELISA (IgM and IgG), by the immunodiffusion test and by the skin test with gp43. After killing the dogs, samples from several organs were submitted to histopathological analysis (H&E and Grocott stains) but the fungus was not observed in any tissue. Attempts to isolate the fungus from these tissue samples were also unsuccessful. All infected dogs, except one, reacted positively to the immunodiffusion and skin tests. All infected dogs showed a humoral immune response to the gp43 antigen detected by ELISA. The IgM and IgG response peaked by the first and second month, respectively. We conclude that young dogs appear to be resistant to the development of paracoccidioidomycosis.
In this study, Swiss mice were experimentally infected with Paracoccidoides brasiliensis (Pb18) and we investigated the levels of gp43 in urine and plasma, anti-gp43 and IgG-gp43 immune complexes in plasma. These levels were correlated with the histopathological findings. Blood and urine samples were collected from mice at 7, 28, 56 and 84 days after intravenous inoculation of 10(5) yeast cells, and analysed by ELISA. The results showed increased levels of soluble gp43 in the plasma in all periods, and anti-gp43 IgG and immune complexes after day 28. High gp43 levels were detected in the urine, except for day 28, coincident with the presence of compact granulomas in lungs. All the infected mice showed fungal cells in the lungs, with initial granulomatous lesions at day 7, dissemination of lesions to other organs at day 56, and granulomas lacking the surrounding mononuclear cells infiltration, especially at days 56 and 84. Our results suggest that gp43 diffuses passively into the urine, and the determination of gp43 levels in urine samples may be a non-invasive alternative method for diagnosis and follow up of PCM. Further studies are needed to determine if the cellular immune response correlate with decreased urine gp43 levels.
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