BACKGROUND. The available evidence implicating the involvement of oxidative stress in the caries process suggests that local antioxidant status may be of importance in determining the susceptibility to the caries process. AIM. The aim of this study was to estimate the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in unstimulated saliva of healthy children with and without severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) and to correlate the individual TAC level with dmft (d = decayed, m = missing, f = filled, t = teeth) score and age. MATERIAL AND METHODS. The TAC of saliva was investigated in 100 healthy children in the age range of 3-5 years divided in two groups, control and study group based on the absence or presence of caries, respectively. The antioxidant capacity of saliva was estimated by an adaptation of ABTS [2, 2'-Azino-di-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline sulphonate)] assay. RESULTS. The mean TAC level in the saliva of the children in study group was found to be significantly increased (P < 0.001), and a significantly linear regression was seen between the TAC and dmft score (P < 0.001) whereas it was insignificant between the TAC and age (P = 0.078). CONCLUSION. The results indicated that TAC of saliva increased significantly in children with S-ECC and increasing prevalence of dental caries predisposes to the increase in TAC of saliva.

Congenital hypodontia or trauma is a frequent cause of loss of teeth in children. The absence of teeth leads to loss of function and lack of normal alveolar growth, along with unpleasant esthetics that hamper the psychosocial development of the young child. Traditionally, the management of tooth loss in the young child is done by conservative means. None of those methods of treatment are completely satisfactory and have their own drawbacks. Dental implants in a young child would be an ideal mode of treatment for the absence of teeth. One of the main deterring factors for implant placement in children is the impending growth. Growth in the maxilla and mandible does not happen uniformly in one plane. It is multidirectional, occurring in sagittal, vertical, and transverse planes. It does not happen at a fixed pace, slow periods of growth are followed by phases of accelerated growth called the growth spurts. Successful implant treatment in children has been achieved by several clinicians when they incorporated a multidisciplinary approach in their treatment plan. The design and type of implant system used in pediatric patients is also responsible for successful treatment outcome. The purpose of this review is to understand the implications of growth and growth assessment and recommendations for the formulation of the treatment plan in pediatric dental implant patients.

To compare the timing of instrumentation and cleaning efficacy between manual K files and NiTi rotary files in extracted primary molars. Study design: in-vitro study was conducted in 90 root canals of extracted primary molars which were subdivided in three groups viz. Control (No instrumentation), Manual (K files), Rotary (ProFiles) with 30 canals in each group. Mesiobuccal (MB) and Mesiolingual (ML) canals of mandibular molars, and MB and Distobuccal (DB) canals of maxillary molars were included in the test group whereas Distal canals in mandibular molars and Palatal canals in maxillary molars were included in the control group. Method: Teeth were mounted and canals were injected with India ink to stain the canal walls. Canal preparation was done as per the group. After instrumentation, teeth were demounted, decalcified and cleared to make them transparent for scoring according to the extent of removal of India ink. Timing of instrumentation and cleaning efficacy of canals in coronal, middle and apical thirds were assessed in each sample. Results: Mean timing of instrumentation in rotary group was 3.54 ± 1.14 min and 4.32 ± 1.04 min in manual group. Mean cleaning efficacy scores in manual and rotary groups were 2.03 and 1.66 in coronal third, 1.08 and 1.18 in middle third and 0.67 and 1.08 in apical third respectively. Inter-group comparisons showed no statistically significant difference in cleaning efficacy among test groups in all thirds of root canals. Conclusion: NiTi rotary technique has comparable cleaning efficacy, with significantly less timing of instrumentation compared to manual K-files.

SummaryLong-term phenytoin therapy is known to cause disturbance in calcium and bone homeostasis. Dental tissues being calcified tissues can also be affected by this derangement of mineral metabolism, especially during developmental phases. This report describes a case of an epileptic child who presented with short roots, enlarged pulp chambers, blunt apices and delayed eruption of permanent dentition, which might be attributed to long-term phenytoin therapy. The purpose of this case report is to increase awareness among the clinicians about its possible dental implications and emphasise upon the need of regular dental check-ups in epileptic children. BACKGROUND

Fibrosarcoma is a rare soft tissue tumor of connective tissue origin that includes about 0.05% of all the malignancies in the head and neck region of which almost 23% is seen in the oral cavity. This paper describes a rare case of 4-year-old boy who presented with swelling on the right side of face diagnosed as soft tissue fibrosarcoma of the intraoral region. The histopathological and immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis by the presence of spindle-shaped cells arranged in fascicles with mitotic figures and cellular proliferation reproducing fibroblasts. The patient was successfully treated with combination of chemotherapy and surgery with a good clinical outcome. This case report is presented to highlight the rarity of fibrosarcoma in orofacial region of children which requires special attention of pediatric dentist and should be considered as differential diagnose of soft tissue mass in orofacial region of children. Clinical and histopathological features must be correlated with immunohistochemistry in the final diagnosis in fibrosarcoma.

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Dentofacial injuries that occur prior to the eruption of primary teeth can result in developmental disturbances not only in the primary but also in permanent dentition. Here we report a rare case of long term sequelae of trauma in a female child of 4 to 5 months of age which resulted in dilaceration and impaction of maxillary primary central incisors and subsequent enamel hypoplasia of the permanent maxillary central incisors.

Soft-tissue growths of the oral cavity offer a diagnostic dilemma because of the pathologic processes produced by such lesions. Pyogenic granuloma (PG) is one such soft-tissue swelling that originates from the reactive inflammatory course in which an exuberant fibrovascular expansile growth of the connective tissue of the skin or mucous membrane occurs. This case report documents a rare case in which the size and the site of the PG were different from the usual. The treatment included the extraction of the involved tooth in addition with the surgical removal of the lesion. The present case report demonstrates that the treatment of choice varies according to individual case after the adequate analysis of clinical and radiographic findings and should be managed appropriately to minimize further reoccurrence of the lesion and postsurgical complications. AbstractKeywords ► pyogenic granuloma ► oral cavity ► posterior teeth ► reactive hyperplasia Dent J Adv Stud 2019;7:46-50