Under a non-Lipschitz condition, the averaging principle for the general stochastic differential delay equations (SDDEs) is established. The solutions of convergence in mean square and convergence in probability between standard SDDEs and the corresponding averaged SDDEs are considered. MSC: 34K50; 34C29
Transferable self-supporting ZnO porous films were synthesized via a hydrothermal approach without the presence of any substrates. Piezoresistive sensors were fabricated by directly transferring the ZnO porous films onto FTO, which show a pressure sensitivity of 0.005/KPa and a fast sensitive time with both response time and recovery time less than 1s. The results were discussed in terms of the current-voltage characteristics of the device. It is anticipated that this low-cost and large-area-compatible technology would have potential for applications in industrial, civil and transportation fields.
Dispatchers often set noncrossing block sections (NCBSs) for railway out-of-gauge train (OGT) running on double-track railway line for safety reasons. In this paper, we will investigate the best location, length, and number of noncrossing block sections to reduce railway capacity loss due to the operation of OGTs. Firstly, yielding, overtaking, stopping, starting, and other operation rules for OGTs running on double-track railway line were designed, and a simulation model based on cellular automata was further put forward. Then, an assessment model for double-track railway line capacity loss due to the operation of OGTs was set up. Some simulation experiments and the comparisons of these results were further given to achieve the optimal setting of NCBS for OGTs running on double-track railway line. In the case of NCBSs number minus one, capacity loss caused by the operation of OGTs can be reduced up to 15.2% in the upstream direction and 6.3% in the downstream direction. Also, the NCBSs should lie at the nearest block sections (BSs) to depot stations and the NCBSs lengths should be as less as possible.Hindawi Publishing Corporation
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