In this article the global trends in bike-sharing are revealed. In particular, a brief review of the emergence of and improvement in bike-sharing systems and the number of countries who have introduced bike-sharing, as well as the size of the bike park in various countries, are revealed. The features of the bike-sharing systems adopted in Spain, the Netherlands, and Denmark are considered. The bike-sharing system in the capital of Kazakhstan is shown, revealing the problems faced by the cycling infrastructure in the country. As seen in other countries, the concept of luminous bike paths designed with national patterns was developed, which were planned to be located in parks in the cities of the republic. This project is expected to enhance tourism in the region.For Kazakhstan, research into bike-sharing is particularly relevant, but lack of suitable cycling infrastructure, inadequate statistics, and inadequate literature on the topic obstructs comprehensive research into the problem, due to which there persists a logical question: is the bike-sharing system in the urban logistics of Kazakhstan a myth or an approaching reality?
In the article, the global innovation activity in terms of 11 industries based on the data of the official international rating of Clarivate Analytics was researched. The rating was compiled by patent data analysing and quoting by four main criteria: volume, success, globalisation, and influence. The analysis of leading world companies actively introducing innovative products into such industries and sectors of the economy as aerospace and defense, automotive, chemicals and cosmetics, household goods, institution and government research, manufacturing and medical, oil, gas and energy, pharmaceuticals, software, as well as telecommunication, was presented. Among them, are: Bridgestone, Canon, Fujifilm, Honda Motor (Japan), Huawei (China), LG Electronics and Samsung Electronics (South Korea); Safran, Arkem and Alstom in France; BASF, Fraunhofer and Bayer in Germany, and TE Connectivity, Novartis and Roche in Switzerland. A brief description of the activity of the world companies introducing innovations and leading continuous work in the field of innovative developments and innovation activity in the section of each branch of economy was highlighted.
The authors conducted the research of business models in social entrepreneurship. Firstly, the foreign experience of business models implementation by successful companies in global economy was studied and among 55 innovation models 8 business model types which can be used by social entrepreneurs were singled out. On this basis, the methodical approaches to the design of business models and their development strategies on the example of the Republic of Kazakhstan were developed. In particular, the main characteristics of the business model of social entrepreneurship are deepened and disclosed from the standpoint of the nature of impact on the socially vulnerable groups' welfare. The main types of social entrepreneurship and the business models applied in Kazakhstan were revealed. Taking into account the results of in-depth interview of 24 social entrepreneurship organizations, the business models applied by non-commercial organizations in Kazakhstan for development of profitable activity were found out, namely: No. 1-«Accessibility of product/service in case of standard offer»; No. 2-«Additional income from cheap resources and available IT (creation and promotion of side products)»; joint models No. 1-«Accessibility of product/service in case of standard offer» and No. 5-«Maximum assets utilization»; and No. 3-«Platform for contacts, including auction and crowdfunding». Based on strategic analysis of social entrepreneurship at non-profit as well as commercial organizations, conclusions were drawn about the threats / limitations and the possibilities of existing business models. An algorithm has been developed to design a business model of social entrepreneurship and a strategy for developing business models. Strategic development scenarios of business models of social entrepreneurship were proposed, namely: scalability of operation; replication of operation; modification of the business model; creation of cooperating structures.
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