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Introduction: Acute lower respiratory tract infection in children causes significant morbidity in the developing countries. Documentation of virus infection using PCR and clinical characteristics of patients affected with viral pneumonia are reviewed in this study. Methods: 51 children less than three years admitted to the Pediatric Hospital, Cairo University with viral pneumonia were included. All patients had undergone nasopharyngeal aspirate for PCR viral detection. Results: A total of 51 cases were enrolled in the study, of which 7 cases were negative while 44 children were positive for viruses. The most common respiratory virus was Rhinovirus in 32 patients (72.2%), then parainfluenza virus (PIV) in 12 (27.3%), of which subtypes PIV1 were 2 (4.5%), PIV3 were 5 (11.4%) and PIV4 were 5 (11.4%) cases. The third common viruses were respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in 9 (20.5%) cases of which 3 (6.8%) were RSVA and 6 (13.6%) were RSVB and adenovirus in 9 cases (20.5%). Boca virus was found in 8 (18.2%) patients, corona virus 2 (4.5%) patients, H1N1 2 (4.5%) patients, enterovirus 2 patients (4.5%) and human metapneumovirus in one case (2.3%). Influenza B and PIV2 were not detected. Coinfection was found in 28 (63.7%). Mortality occurred in 12 (23.5%). There was no significant relation between virus type or coinfection with disease severity. Conclusions: RV was the most commonly detected virus in children under 3 years admitted with acute lower respiratory tract infections. Coinfection was present in the majority of our patients; however it was not related significantly to parameters of disease severity.

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Background Many theories tried to connect liver and gut as they have close anatomical, metabolic, and immunologic connections so exposure to large numbers of foreign molecules coming from the gastrointestinal tract via the portal vein like the bacterial components and other products may lead to liver damage by disturbing intestinal barrier and permeability which can be induced by indomethacin, one of non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs). Aim To investigate whether liver injury is linked to disturbance in intestinal permeability or not. Methodology Indomethacin was used to induce dysbiosis in male Wistar rats which were divided into two groups: Naive and Indomethacin groups. The later was received indomethacin (3mg\kg\day) by oral gavage. Liver function tests, micrbiological and histological studies were performed. Results Indomethacin induced elevation in liver enzymes, bacteremia and histological changes as compared to vehicle group. Conclusions Indomethacin induced dysbiosis with disturbance in the intestinal permeability that yield to hepatic injury.