The present study evaluated the blood glucose, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in Cinnamon cassia bark extract (CCBE) treated alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats. Study Design: Experimental study. Setting: Animal house of Al-Tibri Medical College, Karachi was selected for conducting the present study. Period: January 2014 to December 2014. Methodology: A sample of twenty rats was randomly divided into 4 groups. Rats were grouped as A1 (n=5)-Negative control, A2 (n=5)-Positive controls (alloxan treated rats), and experimental groups B1 (n=5) and B2 (n=5) included diabetic rats which received 0.3 grams and 0.6 grams of CCBE respectively. Intraperitoneal alloxan (120 mg /kg in 0.5 ml dissolved in acetate buffer) was used for induction of diabetes. C. cassia bark extract was prepared under standard protocol. Blood glucose (glucose oxidase method), SOD and GPX (Elisa kit) were detected from blood samples after 30 days. Data was analyzed on SPSS. Data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA and post-Hoc was used for group comparisons. Data was analyzed at 95% CI (p< 0.05). Result: Blood glucose, SOD and GPX showed statistically significant differences (p<0.036). CCBE treated rats showed low glucose levels and elevated SOD and GPX enzyme activity (p<0.05).

Objective: Determine effects of berberine (BBR) on bloog glucose, glycated hemoglobin A1, serum insulin, C – peptide, insulin resistance and β– cell physiology. Study Design: Experimental study Place and Duration: Department of Physiology Isra University and Animal house of Sindh Agriculture University, Tando Jam from August 2019 to February 2020. Methodology: A sample of 100 adult Wistar male rats was selected according to criteria of study and divided into 5 groups through random technique. Group A – negative controls (N/S 0.9%), Group B – positive control (diabetic rats – Alloxan 120 mg/kg) (i.p), Group C – E; Diabetic rat + BBR (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) respectively. Blood samples were collected from retro-orbital venous plexus by capillary tube. Sera were separated at 3000 rpm (15 minutes). Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and β – cell secretory activity (HOMA-β) were calculated by mathematical formula. Statistical analysis was performed on SPSS version 21.0 (IBM, incorporation, USA) at 95% CI (P≤ 0.05). Results: The present study noted significant improvement of fasting and random blood glucose, glycated HbA1, serum insulin and C –peptide, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and β – cell physiology. Conclusion: Berberine (BBR) ameliorates the bloog glucose, glycated hemoglobin A1, serum insulin, c – peptide, insulin resistance and β– cell physiology.

Aims: The current study investigated the effects of polyunsaturated Omega-3-fatty acids on underlying mechanism linked with diabetes in streptozocin induced type 2 diabetic Wistar rats. Study Design:  Experimental analytical Study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at Isra University Hyderabad and Sindh Agricultural University, Tandojam between November 2016 and November 2018. Methodology: Seventy-five Wistar rats were assorted to five groups (15 rats per group): negative control group A and positive control group B and experimental groups C, D and E. Rats within group B,C,D, and E were injected with streptozocin (65 mg/kg body weight) to induce diabetes. Experimental groups C, D and E received Omega-3-fatty acid supplemented food in 0.3 g, 0.4 g and 0.5 g/kg bodyweight dosage for 12 weeks, respectively. Results: Omega-3-fatty acids treated rats showed significant decrease in blood glucose level and rise in serum insulin as compared to positive control group (p-value = 0.001). At the same time, they showed significantly increased expression of insulin gene along with transcription factors: PDX1 and NKX6.1 as compared to group A (p-value = 0.001). Conclusion: It is concluded that O3FAs reduces insulin resistance in Streptozocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats by modulating the transcription factors essential for insulin gene expression.

Objectives: The present study evaluated the blood glucose, superoxidedismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in Cinnamon cassia bark extract (CCBE)treated alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats. Study Design: Experimental study. Setting: Animalhouse of Al-Tibri Medical College, Karachi was selected for conducting the present study.Period: January 2014 to December 2014. Methodology: A sample of twenty rats was randomlydivided into 4 groups. Rats were grouped as A1 (n=5) – Negative control, A2 (n=5)- Positivecontrols (alloxan treated rats), and experimental groups B1 (n=5) and B2 (n=5) includeddiabetic rats which received 0.3 grams and 0.6 grams of CCBE respectively. Intraperitonealalloxan (120 mg /kg in 0.5 ml dissolved in acetate buffer) was used for induction of diabetes.C. cassia bark extract was prepared under standard protocol. Blood glucose (glucose oxidasemethod), SOD and GPX (Elisa kit) were detected from blood samples after 30 days. Data wasanalyzed on SPSS. Data was analyzed by one- way ANOVA and post-Hoc was used for groupcomparisons. Data was analyzed at 95% CI (p< 0.05). Result: Blood glucose, SOD and GPXshowed statistically significant differences (p<0.036). CCBE treated rats showed low glucoselevels and elevated SOD and GPX enzyme activity (p<0.05).