-Grains configuration snapshots of Brazil-nut effect (BNE) in two-dimension are physically modeled using disk-formed objects, e.g., buttons and magnetic pin. These BNE configurations are artificially designed to mimic the real ones observed in experiments. A computer scanner is used to capture the configurations. Obtained images are then digitized using web browser running an HTML equipped with a JavaScript code, which is built mainly only for this work. From digitization process all grains positions (granular bed and intruder) are obtained, which is later analyzed using the simplest model, i.e., potential energy. Since the minimum energy principle (MEP) suggests that a closed system should go to its state with minimum internal energy, our BNE system must also obey it. Evolution of only the intruder seems to violate MEP but not for the whole system. Grains compaction plays an important role, so that the system can achieve its configuration with minimum potential energy.Index Terms -Brazil-nut effect, computerscanner, JavaScript, principle of minimum energy.
Yeast colony growth which can grow and produce buds can be modelled by using circular granular cells in two-dimensional form. The organizations of particles in granular materials as modelled as yeast colony growth have complex organizations on a spatial scale. Such organizations may affect how materials respond or reconfigure when exposed to external interference or loading. Particles have been studied in theoretical and require the development and application of appropriate mathematical, statistical, physical and computational frameworks. Usually, granular materials have been explored using particles or circuit models that are implicit. Today the development of network science has emerged as a powerful approach to investigate and characterize heterogeneous architecture in complex systems and diverse methods have yielded interesting insights into granular materials. In this study will learn granular materials (yeast colony growth) with the network-based approach and explore the potential of these frames to provide a useful description of yeast colony growth. This study will focus on finding the relation between the spatial position of the cells and generation that is formed.
Abstract. Brazil-nut Effect (BNE) experiment in (real) two-dimension is conducted. Container, bed particles, and intruder are made from the same material, i.e. 2 mm thickness acrylic plate. Dimensionless acceleration Γ and vibration frequency f are in the range of 2-4 and 13-17 Hz, respectively. It is observed that rise time T rise decreases with the increase of Γ similar to reported by others, but there is a range of f and Γ, where T rise increases with the increase of Γ due to occurrence of Leidenfrost effect, which reduces convection flow of granular particles.
IntroductionWhen binary mixtures of granular materials are subjected to vibration, the larger particles rise to the top neglecting whether the larger ones are lighter or heavier than the smaller ones. This phenomenon is known as the Brazil-nut effect (BNE) [1]. One of the interesting properties of a BNE is the rise time T rise , the time required by the intruder (larger particle) to move from its initial position to the surface of granular bed. For single intruder system T rise depends not linearly on density and diameter ratio of intruder and bed particles [2], it decreases as the dimensionless acceleration Γ increased and surface roughness of the intruder will also increase the T rise [3,4]. Experiment in observing BNE can be conducted in two- [5] and three-dimension system [6]. Observation of intruder in three-dimension system requires special techniques [7,8], while it is more simple in the pseudo two- [9] or twodimension system [10].
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