The TURMatrix was developed according to European standards and provides reliable speech intelligibility measurements in noise and quiet.

The aim of this study is to investigate the oral corrective feedback (OCF) preferences of learners of Turkish as a foreign language (TFL) in order to understand whether they would like their errors to be corrected and, if so, when, which of them, how and by whom they would like to be corrected in the classroom environment. A questionnaire with multiple choices, adapted from the review of Hendrickson (1978), was administered to 165 TFL learners. A total of 141 of the participants were C1 level learners, and 24 of them were B2 level learners. The results show that the vast majority of the participants (97. %) prefer their errors to be corrected, and a smaller majority of them prefer teachers (73.2%) to correct them immediately (58.9%). Just over half (54%) of the participants primarily prefer grammatical errors to be corrected; the most preferred correction strategy (43%) is teachers giving the correct form immediately and the second most preferred correction strategy (21.2%) is teachers repeating the erroneous part of the utterance.

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This study was conducted to determine physico-chemical characteristics and nutrient levels on a monthly basis of the rivers of the Eastern Black Sea region with an average flow rate of about 10 m 3 /sec and above, including Kızılırmak, Yeşilırmak, Melet, Pazarsuyu, Aksu, Harşit, Değirmendere, Solaklı, İyidere, Büyükdere, Fırtına, Çağlayan and Kapistre.The highest annual average values for electrical conductivity (EC), reactive phosphate (o-PO4), ammonium (NH4), nitrite (NO2), sulphate (SO4) and hardness were determined as 1.16 ±0.29 mS/cm, 0.81±0.66 µM, 11.6±10.4 µM, 2.83±3.1 µM, 333±74 mg/L ve 407±47 mg CaCO3, respectively, in Kızılırmak (Samsun); the highest turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS) and organic matter (as permanganate index) as 191±99 FTU, 232±137 mg/L and 4.12±2.14 mg O/L respectively in Değirmendere (Trabzon); the highest silicate concentration in Melet (Ordu) as 305±47 µM; the highest nitrate concentration in İyidere (Rize) as 124±79 µM; and the highest chlorophyll-a levels in Yeşilırmak (Samsun) as 1.98±1.70 µg/L. As a result of cluster analyses, it was established that Kızılırmak river is in a group different from that of other rivers in terms of sulfate, hardness and electrical conductivity and the rivers situated in eastern part of the region is more acidic than those in the west in terms of pH. Data obtained from the study were evaluated according to Water Quality criteria and water quality classes of the rivers were identified by parameters.Keywords: Eastern Black Sea, river, nutrient levels, physico-chemical levels, land based pollutants. Physico-Chemical Characteristics and Nutrient Levels of the Eastern Black Sea Rivers ÖzetBu çalışma, Doğu Karadeniz'e dökülen, akarsulardan ortalama debileri yaklaşık 10 m 3 /sn ve üzerinde olan Kızılırmak, Yeşilırmak, Melet, Pazarsuyu, Aksu, Harşit, Değirmendere, Solaklı, İyidere, Büyükdere, Fırtına, Çağlayan ve Kapistre deresinin fizikokimyasal karakteristikleri ve besin elementi düzeylerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla aylık periyotlarla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Parametrelere ait yıllık ortalama değerler incelendiğinde en yüksek EC, o-PO4, NH4, NO2, SO4 ve sertlik değerleri sırasıyla 1,16 ±0.29 mS/cm, 0,81±0.66 µM, 11,6±10,4 µM, 2,83±3.1 µM, 333±74 mg/L ve 407±47 mg CaCO3 olarak Kızılırmak nehrinde, en yüksek Turbidite, toplam askıda katı madde ve permanganat indeksi değerlerinin 191±99 FTU, 232±137 mg/L ve 4,12±2,14 mg O/L olarak Değirmendere deresinde, en yüksek silikat (Si) değerlerinin 305±47 µM olarak Melet ırmağında, en yüksek nitrat derişimlerinin 124±79 µM olarak İyidere deresinde ve en yüksek klorofil-a değerleri ise 1,98±1,70 µg/L olarak Yeşilırmak nehrinde belirlenmiştir. Sınıflandırma analizleri sonucunda, sülfat, sertlik ve elektriksel iletkenlik yönünden Kızılırmak nehrinin diğer akarsulardan farklı bir sınıfta yer aldığı, pH yönüyle ise bölgenin doğusundaki akarsuların batıdakilere gore daha asidik özellik taşıdığı belirlenmiştir Çalışmada elde edilen veriler Su Kalite kriterlerine göre değerlendirilmiş ve parametrelere göre akarsular...

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This current study examined the effects of the type of errors learners make (that is, phonological, lexical and grammar), proficiency level of the learners (that is, A1, A2, B1, B2 and C1) and nature of the recasts (that is, long and short) on the uptake of the learners. The data of this study came from the video-recordings of A1, A2, B1, B2 and C1-level of Turkish as a Second Language (TSL) classes. 60-h data have been transcribed and analyzed by the researchers. Here, qualitative methods of data collection was employed in this multi-case research along with quantitative methods of data analysis, when necessary, to examine the relations between and among the constructs. Analysis of the study revealed that the learners had a higher percentage of uptake rate against phonological errors (with significant difference); C1 level learners had the highest percentage of the uptake rate (with significant difference) and long recasts yielded a higher percentage of the uptake (but with no significant difference between recast types). Thereafter, findings of this research are compared with those of other prominent studies.

The relationship between stuttering and phonetic complexity for words spoken by Turkish children who stutter was investigated. The research questions were: (1) Do Turkishspeaking children stutter more on unbound content words than on unbound function words? (2) Do Turkish-speaking children stutter more on words with higher phonetic complexity scores? Twenty-one monolingual children aged 6-11 years who had a clinical diagnosis of stuttering participated. Speech samples were transcribed and lexical categories determined. Phonetic complexity was assessed by an adaptation of Jakielski's (1998) Index of Phonetic Complexity (IPC) for Turkish. Results revealed that the mean