Majority of causes of SCI in children are similar to those reported in adult population. However, the commonest causes of SCI in children in Pakistan were firearm injury and bomb blast, which are rarely reported in other countries. Like adult population, these children with SCI are prone to developing pressure ulcer.

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Nursing is distinct health care discipline and its practice is based on the paradigm of care. The theoretical foundation of discipline is rich of various, Grand and middle range theories and care models The clinical Domaine of discipline is a platform to test the theoretical aspect of discipline. Both theory and practice are reciprocal as theories generate from practice and return back to practice for testing. Florence nightingale was the pioneer nurse theorist and founder of modern nursing. Her theory of care which more than a century old is still appropriate for application to the care of patients undergoing a surgical operation colostomy. This paper is aimed to discuss the practical application of nightingale theory to the care of colostomy patient in hospital setting. Nursing process model of care was used to integrate nightingale theory to a clinical scenario. Successful attainment of care out comes achieved by application of nightingale theory to nursing care of patient with colostomy.

Background Spinal cord injury has not received robust attention in Pakistan. The only time when the topic was highlighted was earthquake 2005 which struck the northern region of the country. More than 120?000 people lost their lives and a big number of survivors sustained injury to spinal cord. Study Design This was a retrospective trial where data from one of the oldest paraplegic centre was retrieved and analysed. Objectives The objective of this study was to report epidemiology of spinal cord injury in general population of the country. Methods Data regarding patients with spinal cord injury was retrieved from Paraplegic Centre Peshawar from 2011 to 2016. Retrieved data was analysed through SPSS and frequencies were calculated. Results A total of 1?025 patients with mean age 32.6?14.6 years were admitted in the center from 2011 to 2016. The number of male patients was 3 time higher compared to their counterpart female population. Majority (90%) of the patients were paraplegic. Half of the population included were not educated. Majority of the patients were laborer (21.4%) or house wives (21.3%). The common causes for the injury were ?fall from height? (30.4%), road traffic accidents (25.5%) and firearm injury (21.1%). Conclusion It can be concluded the causes of spinal cord injury in Pakistan are similar to the causes reported in the majority of studies carried out in other countries. However, firearm injury in spinal cord remained a distinctive cause in the country which has not been reported in the other countries.

Introduction in this modern era and in the speedily changing atmosphere of health care, health care practice and patients has affected by many factors. These days, in many states the patient rights has become the pivot of the national attention in medical culture. Awareness of health rights is important to achieve the best level of health care. The study was aimed to assess the awareness of hospitalized patients about the rights. Methods a cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in different wards of public sector tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar, over four months duration from February to May 2018. Hospitalized patients who were being admitted for at least two days from 17 to 70 years of age were included. Before asking the patients to answer the questionnaire, consent from the patients was acquired. A self-administered semi-structured questionnaire was adopted. Data analysis was done through SPSS version 22. Results among 200 participants 46% were male and 54% were female, 35.5% were from urban and 64.5% were from rural areas. Patients were less aware of their individual rights, like 65.5% of clients were not cognizant of the patients special bill of rights while 59% were aware to receive non-discriminatory and timely health services. Conclusion most of the clients were not conscious of their individual health rights. About half of the sample knew that the patients will receive respectful care and the patients will receive care in clean and medically safe environment.

This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License AJBSR.MS.ID.000840.

ZusammenfassungÜber die Langzeitfolgen des Erdbebens im Jahr 2005 in Pakistan für Patienten, die eine Rückenmarksverletzung erlitten haben, wurde wenig berichtet. Obwohl seitdem mehr als 10 Jahre vergangen sind, benötigen betroffene Patienten in diesen Regionen immer noch ein umfassendes Rehabilitationsprogramm. Insgesamt 180 Teilnehmer wurden für diese Befragung kontaktiert; zur Datenerhebung wurde ein Fragebogen zur gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität genutzt. Die gesammelten Daten wurden mit SPSS, Version 23, ausgewertet. Ein Großteil der Teilnehmer ordnete sich in die Kategorie ‚schlechter Gesundheitszustand‘ ein. Die durchschnittliche Zeit, in der die Teilnehmer in den letzten 30 Tagen physische und psychische Beschwerden hatten, betrug 3,0 ± 1,6 Tage, beziehungsweise 4,8 ± 1,8 Tage. Die Hauptprobleme dieser Patienten sind nach wie vor Rückenschmerzen und Gehunfähigkeit. In den vom Erdbeben betroffenen Gebieten besteht immer noch Verbesserungsbedarf in der Rehabilitation von Menschen mit Behinderungen, insbesondere mit Rückenmarksverletzungen.