Epidemiology of Spinal Cord Injury in Pakistan: A Retrospective Study

Darain, Haider; Ilyas, Syed Muhammad; Zeb, Amir; Ullah, Irfan; Muhammad, Dildar

doi:10.1055/s-0042-124356

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…According to Darain H, et al [70], one of their retrospective study in Pakistan from 2011 to 2016 concluded that male subjects are prone to at least 3 times higher than the female population and 90%) of the subjects were paraplegics. The majority of the illiterate class are more affected and most of the subjects are labors (21.4%) and in the female population majority of affected subjects are housewives (21.3%), and fall from height (30.4%), RTA (25.5%) and firearm injury (21.1%) are major cause of injury.…”

Section: Worldwide Epidemiological Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Spinal Cord Injury Prevalence and Treatment Modalities

Ara¹,

Singh²,

Raj³

et al. 2023

Spinal Cord Injury - Current Trends in Acute Management, Function Preservation and Rehabilitation Protocols

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Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devasting neurological condition producing physical dependency, morbidity, psychological stress, and financial burden. During the last 30 years, its global prevalence has increased from 236 to 1298 cases per million populations. Two types of spinal cord injury are primary and secondary injury. Primary injury is mechanical damage to the cord itself whereas secondary injury results from one or more biochemical and cellular processes that are triggered by the primary lesion. In 1700 BC, in an Egyptian surgical papyrus, they describe the frustration of health care professionals in treating a severe spinal cord injury, the Papyrus reported spinal fractures as a “disease that should not be treated”. Most of these studies approach a patient with acute spinal cord injury (ASCI) in one of four manners: corrective surgery or a physical, biological, or pharmacological treatment method. Science is unraveling the mechanisms of cell protection and neuroregeneration, but clinically, we only provide supportive care for patients with spinal cord injuries. By combining these treatments, researchers attempt to enhance the functional recovery of patients with spinal cord injuries. Advances in the last decade have allowed us to encourage the development of experimental studies in the field of spinal cord regeneration. The combination of several therapeutic strategies should, at a minimum, allow for partial functional recoveries for these patients, which could improve their quality of life. More studies were done on spinalized animals that indicate that most of these pharmacological agents may act on receptors present in the spinal cord, thus facilitate to produce coordinated locomotor movement, whereas some other drugs used to improve the neuropathological changes caused because of spinal cord injury (SCI), such as spasticity or demyelination, to improve walking.

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Section: Worldwide Epidemiological Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Spinal Cord Injury Prevalence and Treatment Modalities

Ara¹,

Singh²,

Raj³

et al. 2023

Spinal Cord Injury - Current Trends in Acute Management, Function Preservation and Rehabilitation Protocols

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show abstract

“…The incidence of SCI varies widely, with developed nations reporting rates between 13.1 and 163.4 per million, whereas developing countries face incidences ranging from 13 to 210 per million (1)(2)(3). Data from Pakistan reveals a distribution wherein 10% of SCI cases result in tetraplegia and 90% in paraplegia, predominantly affecting males (4). The prospects for recovery diminish significantly after the initial three months post-injury, during which patients may develop secondary complications such as cardiovascular issues, pressure ulcers, chronic pain, respiratory complications, contractures, infections, and spasticity (5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining the Level of Occupational Performance and its Association with Depression among Patients with Spinal Cord Injury

Saeed,

Khan,

Safoora

et al. 2024

JHRR

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Background: Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) presents a significant challenge to healthcare systems worldwide, often leading to severe physical disability and psychological distress, including depression. The rehabilitation process for SCI patients is complex, necessitating a multidimensional approach that addresses both the physical and psychological aspects of recovery. The interplay between occupational performance and mental health among individuals with SCI remains a critical area of investigation, particularly in regions like Peshawar, Pakistan, where such studies are scarce. Objective: The primary objective of this study was to explore the association between occupational performance and depression among individuals with SCI in Peshawar, with a secondary aim of comparing occupational performance levels and their relationship with depression in this demographic. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Paraplegic Centre Peshawar over a six-month period, utilizing convenience sampling to recruit 120 participants. Depression and occupational performance were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory and the Barthel Index Scale, respectively. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 22, with statistical significance set at p<0.05. Results: The study found that 35.8% of participants experienced moderate depression, while mild mood disturbances and borderline clinical depression were reported by 21.7% and 12%, respectively. Severe and extreme depression were less common, observed in 9.8% and 1.1% of the sample. Regarding occupational performance, 37% were totally dependent, 50% were severely dependent, and 13% were moderately independent. Statistical analysis revealed a significant association between occupational performance and depression levels (Pearson Chi-Square = 17.986, p=.05; Likelihood Ratio = 18.683, p=.04; Fisher Exact Test = 9.214, p=.002). Conclusion: The study highlights a notable correlation between occupational performance and depression among SCI patients, emphasizing the need for integrated rehabilitation programs that address both physical disabilities and mental health concerns. Enhancing occupational performance through targeted interventions may reduce depression levels, thereby improving overall quality of life for SCI patients.

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“…However, in countries like Pakistan, where resources are limited and no national registry for spinal injuries exists, the exact prevalence remains unknown. Estimates suggest that 90% of SCI individuals in Pakistan are paraplegics and the majority are male (5), highlighting an alarming prevalence in low-income countries, affecting around 207.9 million individuals (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges Faced by Family Caregivers of Patients with Spinal Cord Injury

Karim,

Masih,

Sarwar

2024

JHRR

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Background: Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) presents significant challenges not only to the individuals directly affected but also to their family caregivers. The sudden onset of SCI demands immediate adaptation to new caregiving roles, inducing physical, financial, emotional, and psychological strains on caregivers. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for developing supportive interventions that can alleviate the burdens faced by caregivers and improve the quality of care for SCI individuals. Objective: This study aimed to explore the experiences of family caregivers of individuals with SCI, focusing on the challenges they face, the roles they assume, the strains encountered, and the coping strategies they employ. Methods: A qualitative exploratory study was conducted among family caregivers of individuals with SCI at the Punjab Institute of Neurosciences, Lahore. Purposive sampling was used to select participants who were engaged in caregiving for at least 10 hours per week. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, utilizing a specifically designed interview question grid. Demographic data were analyzed using SPSS software, while thematic analysis of interview data was conducted using NVivo 12 software. The study adhered to ethical standards, including obtaining informed consent from all participants. Results: The study comprised an equal distribution of male and female participants, with a majority engaged in caregiving for nine to twelve hours per week. Four main themes emerged: the initial challenge of becoming a caregiver, the multifaceted roles of caregiving, the strains of caregiving, and the coping strategies adopted. Caregivers reported significant physical strain, financial burdens, emotional and psychological stress, and relied on a combination of spiritual beliefs, optimism, and social support to navigate their caregiving responsibilities. The study also highlighted the importance of psychotherapy and comprehensive caregiving training sessions for caregivers. Conclusion: Family caregivers of individuals with SCI face substantial challenges that impact their physical, financial, emotional, and psychological well-being. Supportive interventions, including psychotherapy, comprehensive training, and the establishment of support groups, are essential to aid caregivers in managing the complexities of their roles effectively. Further research is needed to quantify these challenges and evaluate the effectiveness of proposed interventions.

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Epidemiology of Spinal Cord Injury in Pakistan: A Retrospective Study

Cited by 7 publications

References 18 publications

Spinal Cord Injury Prevalence and Treatment Modalities

Spinal Cord Injury Prevalence and Treatment Modalities

Determining the Level of Occupational Performance and its Association with Depression among Patients with Spinal Cord Injury

Challenges Faced by Family Caregivers of Patients with Spinal Cord Injury

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