Majority of causes of SCI in children are similar to those reported in adult population. However, the commonest causes of SCI in children in Pakistan were firearm injury and bomb blast, which are rarely reported in other countries. Like adult population, these children with SCI are prone to developing pressure ulcer.
Nursing is distinct health care discipline and its practice is based on the paradigm of care. The theoretical foundation of discipline is rich of various, Grand and middle range theories and care models The clinical Domaine of discipline is a platform to test the theoretical aspect of discipline. Both theory and practice are reciprocal as theories generate from practice and return back to practice for testing. Florence nightingale was the pioneer nurse theorist and founder of modern nursing. Her theory of care which more than a century old is still appropriate for application to the care of patients undergoing a surgical operation colostomy. This paper is aimed to discuss the practical application of nightingale theory to the care of colostomy patient in hospital setting. Nursing process model of care was used to integrate nightingale theory to a clinical scenario. Successful attainment of care out comes achieved by application of nightingale theory to nursing care of patient with colostomy.
Background Spinal cord injury has not received robust attention in Pakistan. The only time when the topic was highlighted was earthquake 2005 which struck the northern region of the country. More than 120?000 people lost their lives and a big number of survivors sustained injury to spinal cord.
Study Design This was a retrospective trial where data from one of the oldest paraplegic centre was retrieved and analysed.
Objectives The objective of this study was to report epidemiology of spinal cord injury in general population of the country.
Methods Data regarding patients with spinal cord injury was retrieved from Paraplegic Centre Peshawar from 2011 to 2016. Retrieved data was analysed through SPSS and frequencies were calculated.
Results A total of 1?025 patients with mean age 32.6?14.6 years were admitted in the center from 2011 to 2016. The number of male patients was 3 time higher compared to their counterpart female population. Majority (90%) of the patients were paraplegic. Half of the population included were not educated. Majority of the patients were laborer (21.4%) or house wives (21.3%). The common causes for the injury were ?fall from height? (30.4%), road traffic accidents (25.5%) and firearm injury (21.1%).
Conclusion It can be concluded the causes of spinal cord injury in Pakistan are similar to the causes reported in the majority of studies carried out in other countries. However, firearm injury in spinal cord remained a distinctive cause in the country which has not been reported in the other countries.
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