Kehadiran BMT membantu masyarakat kalangan menengah kebawah yang tidak terjangkau oleh perbankan. Salah satu pelayanan masyarakat yang ditawarkan BMT yakni pembiayaan ijarah multijasa. Lembaga Keuangan Syariah yang mengeluarkan pembiayaan multijasa dengan akad ijarah harus mengikuti ketentuan Fatwa DSN-MUI Nomor 09/DSN-MUI/IV/2000 tentang pembiayaan ijarah. Ditetapkannya fatwa tersebut, pasti berawal dari sebuah latar belakang dan alasan-alasan penting. Selain itu, proses ijtihad yang dilakukan oleh DSN-MUI dalam menetapkan fatwa di atas juga menarik untuk dikaji. Berangkat dari hal tersebut, perlu kiranya dilakukan kajian analisis terhadap fatwa Dewan Syariah Nasional Majelis Ulama Indonesia (DSN-MUI) Nomor 09/DSN-MUI/IV/2000 tentang ijarah dan dampaknya pada Baitul Maal Wattamwil (BMT). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif yang bersifat studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fatwa DSN-MUI No.09/DSN-MUI/IV/2000 mengharuskan BMT menyediakan barang yang disewakan atau jasa yang dimiliki dan dilakukan oleh pihak BMT, bukan jasa yang dimiliki oleh pihak lain. Terkait objek akad, belum ada penegasan dalam Fatwa DSN No. 44/DSN-MUI/VII/2004 tentang Pembiayaan Multijasa maupun fatwa tentang ijarah. Karena menurut Al-Kasani, dalam persewaan tidak dapat diterapkan pada uang, begitu pula ketentuan ijarah tidak mengatur secara jelas objeknya. Hal ini melahirkan perbedaan persepsi bagi BMT terkait objek ijarah dan rentan adanya pembiayaan dalam bentuk modal. Ketentuan ujrah dalam Fatwa disebutkan bahwa besarnya harus disepakati di awal dan dinyatakan dalam bentuk nominal bukan dalam bentuk prosentase, namun dalam praktiknya banyak BMT yang menerapkan ujrah dalam satuan prosentase. Kata Kunci: Fatwa DSN-MUI, Pembiayaan Ijarah Multijasa, BMT.
The development of the tourism industry based on sharia principles has begun to attract the attention of Muslim tourists in various regions, so it needs to manage seriously and professionally. For example, in Labuan Bajo, Nusa Tenggara Timur is designated one of the four priority tourist destinations. So it is necessary to pay attention to the phenomenon that continues to develop at this time both at the local and global level, which makes halal tourism destinations a new alternative for the Muslim community to travel. This research is qualitative research with field studies and uses a legal and juridical sociology approach. By referring to several methods for conducting ijtihad, both individually and collectively, as is done by DSN-MUI with the concept of maslahah mursalah, istihsan or 'urf. The results of the study state that halal tourism is a development that cannot deny. This new concept has a benchmark as stated by the DSN-MUI with the principle of the United Nations provisions. Tourists in halal tourism not limited by differences in ethnicity, religion, race, and between groups. If there are restrictions, it is counterproductive or contrary to the essential nature of Islamic teachings that oriented to rahmatan lil 'alamin. So the halal tourism industry is an expression of the teachings of rahmatan lil 'alamin and a vehicle for friendship between people who are different in various aspects. It hope that halal tourism can develop to meet the needs of Muslim tourists so that they do not only visit conventional tourism, thus creating benefits.
People who need funds can use financing services provided by Islamic financial institutions, one of which is ijarah financing. The provisions of ijarah have certainly been regulated, both theoretically and practically. However, have Islamic financial institutions implemented ijarah contract practices in accordance with existing regulations? Moreover, the clause in the contract, is each contract clause in accordance with the provisions of the ijarah contract and in accordance with Islamic principles? The results showed that the Ijarah Agreement Benefit Lease Financing Agreement Number:10669/IJR/IX/2012 as a whole is in accordance with the provisions of the DSN-MUI fatwa No.09/DSN-MUI/IV/2000 regarding ijarah financing. However, there are some clauses that do not pay attention to the principles of the contract in Islamic law such as the principle of balance (mabda 'at-tawazun fi al-mua'wadah) and the principle of benefit (not burdensome). But apart from that, this contract is in accordance with the DSN Fatwa No.43/DSN-MU/VIII/2004 regarding Compensation (Ta'widh) and Fatwa DSN No.17/DSN-MUI/IX/2000 regarding Sanctions for Customers who Delay Payment. In dispute resolution also uses the concept of al-sulh (peace) recommended in Islam, as the Word of Allah in QS Al Hujurat verse 10. As well as fulfilling the principle of freedom of contract (mabda 'hurriyyat at-ta'aqud) which still pays attention to Islamic moral principles and order general syar'i in contracting. AbstrakMasyarakat yang membutuhkan dana bisa menggunakan jasa pembiayaan yang disediakan oleh lembaga keuangan syariah, salah satunya pembiayaan ijarah. Ketentuan ijarah tentunya telah diatur, baik secara teori maupun praktik. Akan tetapi, apakah lembaga keuangan syariah telah menerapkan praktik akad ijarah sesuai dengan ketentuan yang ada? Terlebih klausul dalam kontrak, apakah setiap klausul kontrak telah sesuai dengan ketentuan akad ijarah serta sesuai dengan prinsip Islam? Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, Perjanjian Pembiayaan Sewa Manfaat Akad Ijarah Nomor:10669/IJR/IX/2012 secara keseluruhan telah sesuai dengan ketentuan fatwa DSN-MUI No.09/DSN-MUI/IV/2000 tentang pembiayaan ijarah. Namun ada beberapa klausul yang kurang memperhatikan asas akad dalam hukum Islam seperti asas keseimbangan (mabda’ at-tawazun fi al-mua’wadah) dan asas kemaslahatan (tidak memberatkan). Namun diluar hal itu, kontrak ini telah sesuai dengan Fatwa DSN No. 43/DSN-MUI/VIII/2004 mengenai Ganti Rugi (Ta'widh) dan Fatwa DSN No.17/DSN-MUI/IX/2000 mengenai Sanksi atas Nasabah yang Menunda-nunda Pembayaran. Pada penyelesaian sengketa juga menggunakan konsep al-sulh (perdamaian) yang dianjurkan dalam Islam, sebagaimana Firman Allah dalam Q.S Al Hujurat ayat 10. Serta memenuhi asas kebebasan berkontrak (mabda’ hurriyyat at-ta’aqud) yang tetap memperhatikan kaidah akhlak Islam dan ketertiban umum syar’i dalam berkontrak.
This study examines how important it is to determine the halal fatwa of MUI for food, beverage, pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. Given that there are still many fraudulent practices committed by business actors or producers in the product manufacturing process, causing harm to consumers. While Law no. 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection has guaranteed the safety of every citizen as a consumer. Then what is the form of legal protection by the state for consumers? And how important is the determination of the MUI's halal fatwa for consumer protection? This type of research is qualitative research with a normative juridical approach. Data collection techniques through exploration and documentation, namely collecting data regarding the establishment of halal fatwas, legal protection and Law no. 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. The results of this study indicate that the form of legal protection for consumers in Indonesia includes preventive, repressive and juridical legal protection as well as institutions whose role is to audit products such as LPPOM MUI, BPOM and other inspection agencies. The halal certification process can be carried out when a business actor applies for a halal certificate, then verification and validation, inspection by the LPPOM MUI halal auditor, the process of meeting the MUI fatwa commission, issuing a halal decree and issuing a halal certificate. Determination of MUI halal fatwa for each product is very important because it is ensured that it has passed the stages and procedures designed to provide protection to consumers. So that in the context of product transactions that occur in the field, no party benefits or is harmed and has applied the principle of balance and the principle of justice.
Tulisan ini membahas mengenai PT. Santara Daya Inspiratama yang merupakan salah satu platform Layanan Iuran Dana dengan konsep Equity Crowdfunding yang telah mendapatkan izin dari Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) dalam Peraturan No.37/POJK.04/2018 tentang Layanan Urun Dana melalui Penawaran Saham Berbasis Teknologi Informasi (Equity crowdfunding). Layanan ini bertujuan mempertemukan pemodal/investor (yang akan membeli saham bisnis UKM) dengan penerbit (UKM atau startup) yang membutuhkan modal untuk pengembangan usahanya. Oleh karenanya, dibutuhkan keamanan dalam berinvestasi bagi segala pihak. Lalu bagaimana perlindungan hukum bagi para pihak, baik penerbit, platform penyelenggara, maupun pemodal, dalam berinvestasi melalui equity crowdfunding di Santara Yogyakarta? Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa peraturan OJK hanya memuat ketentuan umum mengenai hak kewajiban bagi penerbit dan pemodal. Sedangkan pelanggaran atas perjanjian dan pelaksanaan equity crowdfunding hanya berupa sanksi administratif dan belum mengatur mengenai sanksi pidana atas tindak pidana para pihak. Sedangkan untuk risiko bisnis, Santara masih berupaya untuk meminimalisir risiko usaha, investasi, likuiditas, dan kelangkaan dividen guna mewujudkan kepastian dan perlindungan hukum bagi para pihak, baik penerbit, platform penyelenggara, maupun pemodal dalam berinvestasi melalui equity crowdfunding.
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