Foi avaliada a composição química e a digestibilidade 'in vitro' de silagens de milho e respectivas forragens frescas, colhidas com três teores de MS (20, 26 e 28 %) e submetidas antes da ensilagem, a duas compactações (bem compactadas 'BC', ou mal compactadas 'MC'), formando um fatorial 3x2 com 6 repetições num experimento com micro-silos. Foi realizado o fracionamento dos glicídios e da proteína nas silagens, para determinar componentes que podem ser usados nos modelos mecanicistas de predição de consumo e desempenho animal. Apenas o tratamento com o material mais úmido e bem compactado produziu efluente na quantidade de 61,2 l ton-1. A DIVMS variou entre 46,2 e 57,9 %, aumentando significativamente com o aumento da MS, enquanto que a DIVMO variou entre 44,5 e 54,2 %, sendo significativamente menor apenas nos tratamentos com 20 % MS. Os valores de proteína bruta solúvel (PBSol) variaram entre 44,8 e 54,3 % da PB. O NNP variou entre 67 e 91 % da PBSol, enquanto que a PIDN ficou entre 16,2 e 25,1 % da PB total. A PIDA variou entre 6,7 e 12,8 % da PB total sendo que os maiores valores foram encontrados na silagem mais úmida. A fração A dos glicídios variou entre 5,3 e 10 % da MS, sendo superior na silagem bem compactada com 28 % MS. A fração B1 oscilou entre 13,1 e 25,8 % da MS aumentando significativamente das silagens mais úmidas para as mais secas. A fração B2 apresentou médias entre 40,2 e 50,3 %, diminuindo significativamente das silagens mais úmidas para as mais secas. A fração C variou entre 8,8 e 11,9 % na MS. Em relação às forragens frescas de origem, observou-se aumento substancial nas frações protéicas PIDA e PBSol, diminuição na PIDN, e valores similares no NNP expresso como % da PBSol, exceto no tratamento 20 BC. Nos glicídios houve diminuição da fração A em todos os tratamentos (exceto em 28 BC), aumento na fração B1 nos tratamentos 26 e 28 % MS e valores similares no tratamento 20 % MS, ocorrendo o inverso na fração B2. A fração C aumentou apenas nos tratamentos com 28 % MS. Não houve variação significativa tanto na DIVMS quanto na DIVMO das silagens em relação à forragem fresca.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplementation with 100ppm sodium monensin or 0.15% of a blend of functional oils (cashew nut oil + castor oil) on the intestinal microbiota of broilers challenged with three different Eimeria spp. The challenge was accomplished by inoculating broiler chicks with sporulated oocysts of Eimeria tenella, Eimeria acervulina, and Eimeria maxima via oral gavage. A total of 864, day-old male broiler chicks (Cobb) were randomly assigned to six treatments (eight pens/treatment; 18 broilers/ pen) in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement, composed of three additives (control, monensin or blend), with or without Eimeria challenge. Intestinal contents was collected at 28 days of age for microbiota analysis by sequencing 16s rRNA in V3 and V4 regions using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Taxonomy was assigned through the SILVA database version 132, using the QIIME 2 software version 2019.1. No treatment effects (p > 0.05) were observed in the microbial richness at the family level estimated by Chao1 and the biodiversity assessed by Simpson's index, except for Shannon's index (p < 0.05). The intestinal microbiota was dominated by members of the order Clostridiales and Lactobacillales, followed by the families Ruminococcaceae, Bacteroidaceae, and Lactobacillaceae, regardless of treatment. When the controls were compared, in the challenged control group there was an increase in Erysipelotrichaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Bacteroidaceae, Streptococcaceae, and Peptostreptococcaceae, and a decrease in Ruminococcaceae. Similar results were found for a challenged group that received monensin, while the blend partially mitigated this variation. Therefore, the blend alleviated the impact of coccidiosis challenge on the microbiome of broilers compared to monensin.

Dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) are co-products of the ethanol industry using corn as a feedstock. Because of its nutritional composition with high content of protein and fiber, combined with low cost, DDGS has been used in animal feed production, although still little known in Brazil for this application, as well as in humans for food. With the increased use of DDGS to the world stage, particularly their inclusion in animal feed has been a concern for their safety as the proliferation of bacteria / fungi, formation of mycotoxins and other types of contaminants. The objective of this review is to report the processing characteristics of DDGS, its nutritional composition, possible applications and especially their safety (biological and chemical contaminants).

The study aimed to evaluate a commercial blend of functional oils based on liquid from the cashew nutshell and castor oil as a growth promoter in newly weaned piglets. A total of 225 piglets, castrated males and females with 28 days of age were randomly distributed in pens with 15 animals composing three treatments and five repetitions. The treatments were: control (without the inclusion of additives), probiotics, or functional oils. The performance was evaluated. At 50 days of age, a pool of fresh feces from 3 animals/repetition was collected to perform the sequencing of microbiota using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Supplementation with functional oils improved the piglets' daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05) in the first weeks of the experiment, which resulted in higher final live weight (P < 0.05) in the phase when compared to the control treatment (24.34 kg and 21.55 kg, respectively). The animals that received probiotics showed an intermediate performance (23.66 kg final live weight) at the end of the 38 experimental days. Both additives were effective in increasing groups essential for intestinal health, such as Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae. The functional oils were more effective in reducing pathogenic bacteria, such as Campylobacter and Escherichia coli. In conclusion, the use of functional oils optimized performance and effectively modulated the microbiota of newly weaned piglets.

The study aimed to evaluate a commercial blend of functional oils based on liquid from the cashew nutshell and castor oil as a growth promoter in newly weaned piglets. A total of 225 piglets, castrated males and females with 28 days of age were randomly distributed in pens with 15 animals composing three treatments and five repetitions. The treatments were: control (without the inclusion of additive), probiotics, or functional oils. The performance was evaluated. At 50 days of age, a pool of fresh feces from 3 animals/repetition was collected to perform the sequencing of microbiota using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Supplementation with functional oils improved the piglets' daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05) in the first weeks of the experiment, which resulted in higher final live weight (P < 0.05) in the phase when compared to the control treatment. The animals that received probiotics showed intermediate performance. Both additives were effective in modulating groups central to intestinal health, such as Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae. The functional oils were more effective in reducing pathogenic bacteria, such as Campylobacter and Escherichia coli. In conclusion, the use of functional oils optimized performance and effectively modulated the microbiota of newly weaned piglets.

No abstract

Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus L.) cuts yield of wing (drummette / middle joint / tip), breast (fillet / tenderloin) and leg (drumstick / thigh / feet) of two specific hybrids (Cobb 500 Slow -CB-Slow and Hubbard Flex -HB-Flex) were evaluated. A total of 150 birds of each hybrid (grown in separate sheds under same management) were utilized for the study. The trials were carried out under randomly design with 24 replicated for each lineage. From the data obtained it was observed that the cuts yield of CB-Slow birds was higher for breast when compared to HB-Flex. On the other hand, the HB-Flex birds had higher cut yields for leg (drumstick -meat & bone) and wing (drummette / middle joint / tip). Yields for tenderloin, breast bone and upper drumstick (meat) both hybrids did not show significant differences. The knowledge of specific chicken hybrid cuts differences, enables more accurate choices that best fits the consumer's market needs.

Huynh-Feldt matrix GLM procedure MIXED procedure Milk yield RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar os dados de produção de leite de sete vacas, obtidos com intervalos de 14 dias, de vacas da raça Holandesa submetidas a três tratamentos em pastejo de alfafa [T 1 : controle (confinamento em área de descanso com silagem de milho+11,0 kg de concentrado); T 2 : pastejo restrito de alfafa+silagem de milho+11,0 kg de concentrado, e T 3 : pastejo de alfafa à vontade+silagem de milho+8,0 kg de concentrado], em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Os dados foram analisados por meio de modelos mistos (procedimento MIXED), considerando medidas repetidas, em que cada animal representou um indivíduo. Para modelar a estrutura de variância e covariância dos erros das avaliações dentro de indivíduos, foi selecionada a matriz Huynh-Feldt, estrutura que atende à condição de esfericidade, indicando que, além do modelo linear misto utilizando máxima verossimilhança restrita, também podem ser utilizados recursos do modelo linear padrão, considerando as (co)variâncias no tempo constantes. Pela análise de medidas repetidas, houve redução da produção de leite (p ≤ 0,01) ao longo dos três tratamentos; entretanto, não houve diferença significativa (p > 0,05) global entre tratamentos e nem entre tratamentos dentro de controles (p > 0,05).